1 20 1523 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/9534fc1e963ed30a51e0d66006833fbe.pdf?Expires=1773878400&Signature=JoCA2VVzFToTCm%7ErCTYSvsULg7Cobv%7ExhqVWcnylV7q7vZphOBpiqQG41ZpvtxgjPwenRzEEhtC-yvwA2QpErHQHeQ8ff-4KOaycy0RVwx%7ElrOImQ62mfuhrKGA2Ey5apPD23VXQHA3bgDukhjHT%7E3QlcyoPudds2c4dQgbN7RYjkQ6a3Q58HzUIotL8hfPJJYH2JXJ4hkuzHYFZxhQQRG7o5u%7EQ8OX2rPmlBdjDtANV1LAI3of2F5M3FEd1zmf06wMs4ZZNcOFmU7gyCRVqsTtYuWjPvQXJhcxaRT3oRZcLSnDBcRgT7qbq69PCfwRG2D9qRTvPWP1zNB903sXrhQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM eb0c27e96a483b2d6c89ad32bbe9636a PDF Text Text ��� Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manville Bankruptcy Client Letter Description An account of the resource Letter from John A. McKinney, CEO of Manville Corporation, to Manville suppliers announcing the decision for Manville to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1982 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John A. McKinney, CEO of Manville Corporation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-08-27 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The collection was donated by Jim Fite to the University of Baltimore Foundation on December 23, 2015. Records received by Ben Blake and Aiden Faust on January 16, 2016. To the extent that they own copyright, the donor has assigned the copyright of this collection to the University Foundation. However, copyright for some items in this collection are held by their respective creators. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0156_WLA_B080_F001_01 Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. Collection is open for research. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Manville Bankruptcy, 1993, Box: 80, Folder: 1. White Lung Association Records, R0156-WLA. Baltimore Studies Archives. <a href="Manville%20Bankruptcy,%201993,%20Box%3A%2080,%20Folder%3A%201.%20White%20Lung%20Association%20Records,%20R0156-WLA.%20Baltimore%20Studies%20Archives.%20https%3A//archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/130409" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/130409</a> Subject The topic of the resource Asbestos Occupational safety Iron & steel workers Shipbuilders Construction workers Labor movement Nonprofit organizations Maryland Maryland--Baltimore Public Health Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <span>Manville Bankruptcy, 1993, Box: 80, Folder: 1. White Lung Association Records, R0156-WLA. Baltimore Studies Archives. <a class="in-cell-link" target="_blank" href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/130409" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/130409</a> </span> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Asbestos Construction workers Iron & steel workers Labor movement Maryland Maryland--Baltimore Nonprofit organizations Occupational Safety Shipbuilders https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/a231368f5e426aa6ccf5de2079cb5276.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=hNyx%7EhNIyB892c6j34q3jueE03WD5jYOX5byJBlt1OTPjAKwRtf7dsmBQfsBfI8LAgT5nR-3GUKwBAj1KZIyXVDwHfl1sLZxJUB4Yr0MaMb2qYpKMUAd26RfCHIOoSwsxD-LSXw5iQiKHg3r6WYF3SeOk2f2ZjAVwKKh9-KJPspLUa4NNYMHyzxP64JEbO4l%7EDHD97lpBnZFK%7EBQFL2JK7013qGxlU7q3q2KMhreOMesNRi9e9tktk7qDmBPSqJUWKRIglI7gZKV%7E84gN8uRJKDRUlFsaLPLw-U%7Ew3-5CvJMaDMKHgmvfltRePZD5Ne01H62ncMyfnPm4qHshO4jwA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 010f1ee08e6e7b4770a184c2974ccb23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center of Baltimore and Central Maryland Records Subject The topic of the resource HIV AIDS Baltimore -- Maryland Bisexuals Gay men LGBTQ issues Lesbians Maryland--Baltimore Nonprofit organizations Oral history -- Maryland -- Baltimore. Sexual minorities Transgender people newspapers photographs posters Description An account of the resource This collection documents the history of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center of Baltimore and Central Maryland (GLCCB) between 1979 and 2015. The bulk of the analog archival collection held at University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives is a set of "Gay Life" newspapers dating from 1979 to 2014. The collection also includes GLCCB program files, GLCCB photographs and posters, Pride festival planning records and ephemera, artifacts from the former community center on Chase Street and The Hippo nightclub, and memorabilia from the community. Also present are nine video (digital files) oral history interviews conducted in 2012 for the Center's 35th anniversary. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Community Center of Baltimore and Central Maryland was founded in 1977 in Baltimore, Maryland as the Gay Community Center of Baltimore (GCCB). In 1985, the Center's name changed to the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Community Center of Baltimore (GLCCB). Over the years the Center has provided outreach, education, and services to the community, including a health clinic, regular printings of the GCCB newsletter which eventually became the Baltimore Gay Paper (BGP) and was later titled "Gay Life," the annual Pride celebration in Baltimore City, and more. In February 2019, the Center changed its name to the Pride Center of Maryland. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gay and Lesbian Community Center of Baltimore Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/199" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center of Baltimore and Central Maryland Records</a> (R0151-GLCCB), University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-2015 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The GLCCB retains ownership, full copyright, and all other rights with respect to this collection. The creator of the nine oral history interviews in this collection, Denise Duarte, retains all copyright and/or related rights to those interviews. Dr. Marlene J. Adrian served as videographer during the creation of the video interviews. UB Special Collections & Archives provides viewing and online streaming access for educational and research purposes only. Contact staff for more information Language A language of the resource Materials are in English. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0151-GLCCB Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Voices From The Front" Description An account of the resource "Voices from the Front," the first feature-length documentary on AIDS activism in America, provides an up-close view of the emotional and political effects of community activism through the experiences of those directly engaged. It is a powerful distillation, in pictures and words, of events organized to change public consciousness, expose the failure of the health care system, and challenge government inaction and neglect concerning AIDS. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Subject The topic of the resource AIDS Activism Documentary Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A <a href="https://www.frameline.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frameline</a> Release Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/199">Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center of Baltimore and Central Maryland Records</a> (R0151-GLCCB), University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives.</p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Digital image made available by the Special Collections & Archives, University of Baltimore. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The GLCCB retains ownership, full copyright, and all other rights with respect to this collection. The creator of the nine oral history interviews in this collection, Denise Duarte, retains all copyright and/or related rights to those interviews. Dr. Marlene J. Adrian served as videographer during the creation of the video interviews. UB Special Collections & Archives provides viewing and online streaming access for educational and research purposes only. Contact staff for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIV_AIDS_exhibit22 AIDS Activism Documentary Marching https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/865ee9a60b1df8644de1e5d35aca5200.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=Ubz7bh1Y0UqJ1YZAMAsIkpTBhe-bGd67AastNwQYrhAkMW5Tc5StpTCryyjnboRzl8GiH4GqCmOnJWimEQUXTDjtFhq3gJUBQsvJv%7E3uIMv6qTOX88Fakdx89Fhq-qUMibWCDlnZzEdFvYuc2GXgAS0I6aKXe8DQS46QQjDsPf20gGLE8M5vfumW4X0qKtPUajR86cd2OT1LcS9NUIBZonyE489R2EQxN0Aq9UEM7kydky-fk1IYSMF%7EyOMlNpEOSC9VXol5nGVRDbg-GvvpQFBxSiJwUD1YOfPJH97h6B%7EUVGigGK1jXHC65FPYyk4cBbHbFpr4Sba9pHw1pEbzug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f9f5037e81d6245a692252276fba94c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Baltimore Postcards Description An account of the resource Historic postcards of Baltimore City Subject The topic of the resource Maryland--Baltimore. Postcards Buildings Streets Monuments Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Digital collection created by Maggie Coulbourn, Static Collum, and Willow Meir (interns 2026) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baltimore City Historical Society Records Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections and Archives, University of Baltimore.</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1900-1950 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of the images in this digital collection/exhibit is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpegs/still images Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still images Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Digital collection created by Maggie Coulbourn, Static Collum, and Willow Meir (interns 2026) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maryland University Hospital, Baltimore, Md Subject The topic of the resource Postcards Baltimore (Md.) Hospitals Description An account of the resource Colored image of a brick building with people and telephone poles standing out front with a clear sky in the background Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A.C Bosselman & Company, New York, NY Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baltimore City Historical Society Records Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Digital version made available by the University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of the images in this digital collection/exhibit is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context bchs-pc-0238 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/6db1104bb84b3cf4c26487b6d9b3b484.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=Nd4eZZHHd90-ZtSs8CXnNFTKh6eDw9tbe4FtGcHVlNvoFmtPrTX6gXDVHb2moGdxlMBx380NYaeR9%7ErIck0g7eicrjqk1jXNv93l%7EIM-gmztUcC3Fp-BQaTRW8pHoEvw8ACnTMojhYsZzASEm-1V4j%7E3fYZLVUh8qs0QiPHajnkb1mJsiEBU9mcNyJPj55jFVPyT7LCu4L63YpTI6a%7E5ikFO6y3ZUhtieojxaBzG%7ERrnPivSE4nAfvmng8hccbXiKqzlXKZ8h8qotO6-gJV4Kvz%7EP9fsEdZ3qxleQy7-NO2FHA6v9McGzW%7EpYXaCqU9qS5eN0XM5o2%7Ei9S9DK%7EPmtA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 02edc506e4d51b1ac5565f69a6478363 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roland Park Then and Now Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Belvedere bridge Description An account of the resource Looking west along the Belvedere Street bridge. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A.H. Brinkmann Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baltimore County Public Library. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this digital material is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Northwest_Set 2_Col B_Then.jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/fc79caeb6e224fd0bc784041bf7c60c4.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=BRPqQAQ3AizyUMNLy-azl-T7bktuOmW6GBK3HqB0m8sdO8xdAQbyfZxy5CIb-nG3NiQ8LeSBeOwPJk3IV840gBgdGpaq5egXPP3NU-ykz73mm1pIT5b4u9x1Q2X5BRKIqn4H1%7ERRH79gdwRfeXIF%7ESfvP1tLRkpQWJmJ61rQC4x-1P0burnaYUSQjhilILHAnJYuBNDxurTMj-f65CleIIoMqxdN5bNL9bkdAgmw350cMGV9mTFVqWqCS-PBc5Tog%7E7wFIwhyUNyZSlezIENTxj16HJYDFXGYphowiBvqYAY5ZDbBHCs6-R4Iz-QFHEVd8-mbIhd92x%7EQB--8V1cTQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 630b241f71dca54d5947e5760fc25aa0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roland Park Then and Now Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hollins Station causeway Description An account of the resource Looking south at the Hollins Station causeway. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A.H. Brinkmann Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baltimore County Public Library. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this digital material is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context North_Set 12_Col B_Then.jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/1bddefd4a1f58915052ce25a4e2be025.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=guiCeQ6v8i7Nyc9TxBZL7UJ%7Ew7i36fAERvBRSuz80NsoOYReori%7EHIOijwfu1D4dXD%7Ee1NvunY5nfKEOx8%7Efz0%7EmD1Se5D1TvEHzPiBE0hR%7EwhXUcplX2jLTVzhdssZJl9Z62LvEBWEJog7dmUkO6Z%7EJjm1nDYX5Smj6sYxlWeHsobeDkGTU7h1xY54OIDogUDmj%7Esx-epqCEm9M%7ECjuwUKMGtgBXYELq6HhUedyrXeDJHC6Olmqh5ZOLaXsvZaaTK4iQUvp%7Ew8dQYi-aOxkFqcHNai4DrmQ1LYaAjKPqTuK4n5xMgsrliTzcGS9NiJoeh3UX7BXvm8vvvZNVpkX7w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c6424dd0ea61f4386f5be5dae10f90e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roland Park Then and Now Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lake Roland dam Description An account of the resource Looking northeast at the Lake Roland dam. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A.H. Brinkmann Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baltimore County Public Library. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this digital material is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context North_Set 15_Col B_Then.jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/e4c6854e9c88a92366631d47e7883e8c.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=DKqWwgJVbQH8ChXxTkTMkZoIZfsuds9-1MbU53g5xnZ7KMXlJCwrLp9MYkj0-Ic9pjmW5hV17iiCrVD-EZU7YfEgJFHfipgM%7EKKvsRa7V6jCMPZhFiXAPB6jBOdl%7EEvlD6ChThfLnwOLYLW-elnXojJiIC9SiixWpDAJBU1r3heTAnfGqYTFCF7rrn%7EtLmrLDd7nmyHg2uT4K8UxYX2lCVZLeBsXcBVJh4LxB1%7EnYFqv3yEwlY5ccBhUOw2A3I0PTWxjYI7Snbm3BLb4HO0pqvTObDiAApGuft%7Evcf4HplZ%7EVp-IJ0M3WguQQz5jDF9QN9O-GPQHfG3IJJGgcctXiw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5e83a505af0c29cc5d243f9b55aa1533 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roland Park Then and Now Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bridge at dam Description An account of the resource Looking south from the north bank of the Jones Falls across the iron bridge. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A.H. Brinkmann Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baltimore County Public Library. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Probably 1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this digital material is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context North_Set 16_Col B_Then.jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/ce2c93c7791465f24bd2a1c44f58f489.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=ncUsBl-xJe5XfgW-odSZwbcJ6VSe7A5de4M63PzpsAkz8lShxTUv7yvw2udmG%7EEsMjcuBKP%7ExaLrQEis5MLC5zqg%7Ez-w%7EcBTjY7bSTRrlWzzBjL6LlTFTv3dkHwt%7EcjJz8Y4w6HADpW4SxWJCFbSunndwbHweZ0aAhyXKnIwqoE3CkgTmkHoo29O%7EBNROPtRf98L8Qbv8FMq0CnZSDjyptNHHcxOTUjukGYc3n0bh8xJrO6Gvh4Vco1iX58sXVksxr%7ELVeFfxErIBXvpEG1kuLobnPzToUp8eylxxNRDekdRNJtBWu0QP9iz38dBwfcLvoNGfKXDgb0aGakrQDOr2Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fce0ef34bee499c486c5210087dfef39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roland Park Then and Now Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lake Roland Description An account of the resource Looking south along Lake Roland toward the dam. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A.H. Brinkmann Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maryland Historical Magazine (90, 2), Summer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Probably 1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this digital material is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context North_Set 19_Col B_Then.jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/04f864e6f3324411c03d90517d28bb02.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=HjF7MjIzZRf1sl2DBF5siNKZoMMLvQY9PaYIOXM-zqEBdulv73NjS5nFPxsaZSRenzLK8XpmT-pHLhtSFCZQQ%7EnkBN1YYi6kRgXySPtUA9XgJNPdllX372XvdEvFX4L3NPU0qEqmbUJRR6zRNS4n3aYdcisId8ddGWYvkIva6D4sE9JQiaD3Y08bntcJveOltijC-5OqXNORy4fwR27O9LABBJt3xTf9Ue9JJK99vGcWXZD8WW4bM5VDP5cLx1yz2-VlDK3Tfn3elBO7RsVMAHZdrNLqWlynvkbVAeR7jdbdZx3FQl1Ujeb-fEQrf9o7yesGxbJvvQkMkqQn8KqdFA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0b6fe5844ddbfe0deec06db18fec2e8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roland Park Then and Now Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brightside mansion Description An account of the resource Looking southwest at the Brightside mansion. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A.H. Brinkmann Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maryland Historical Magazine (90, 2), Summer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Probably 1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this digital material is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context North_Set 20_Col B_Then.jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/5a8680f349a54d735d7f4b8ee3cdfe56.pdf?Expires=1773878400&Signature=czFRv9F9Ycx438qEt7xeylzVFbqkKsacM9v9%7EnOK075zOwwznqFdc3jpE4SWPI6len-SDFoFU9kynWjK-R%7Em482QFlV7S3em%7EVZ7NUnQM51XaS%7E6458gC9byiE2POS90jqYmfEYNFhruQGNCcNsjIzjY0RZNWXhCWST0ywCYxD6k8XDJxb56nPGAClRnutizuDNm2Cl8-0pIDqDa4l%7E74CiTrPxlwmEfNmemnWntaSJbLNvV6OOh4lVsEE8VSIkTu3Y82%7EEqEW3mp7jeCER8d-newlVHW4H47Opaju-hHpGsS1a10JsXP6Wha%7EtUlcgNvA8ar70xCicrb44DPoM3TQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3bc140e92ac7b93b80d7cbff230952f8 PDF Text Text ~ , BALTIMORE UNDER SIEGE THE IMPAct OF FINANCING ON THE BALTIMORE IfOoIE BUYER (l960 1970) Publlahed by ActIVISTS, INC. 2316 W. North Ave. Baltl.ore, Md. 21216 Septellber, 1971 �PREFACE • This r.port i. the third i. a •• ri.s of comput.r-ba •• d .tudi •• of the .xploltatlon of black ra.lll •• In the purche •• or .belt.r during the 1960'.. Th. flr.t dated S.pt.ab.r of 1970 docuaent. the hou.ing tax which the black ra.lly buying fro. a r.al e.tat. coapany had to pay over and abov. the pric .. paid by whit. faalU .. purchaalng co-parabl. city hou.lng. The •• cond .tudy publl.h.d In F.bruary of 1971 docuaent. the cooperation of Jeff.r.on Fed.ral Saving. and Loan A.aociatlon with the housing explolt.r; It .how. thet In the year. 1965 through 1969 J.fferson l.nt ov.r 90% of Ita city .ortgag• .on.y • • oae 2~ .Illion dollar•• to r.al e.tat. co.panl •• or to fa.lll •• bUYing fro. real •• tat. coapanl •• at .xploltatlv. prlc••• This study goes into the activity of 88ving. and loan.. S0a8 .tat. ohert.red Th. data indlcat•• thet .any of the.e as.oclation. violate th.lr charter. and the law by lending conald.rabl. aaount. of .ortgag • .oney not only to faalUe. buying fro. Inve.tora but to Inv•• tor. th.... lv... A•• oclatlon aon.y proaot •• slualord. and .xploltatlon whU. I t is denied to fa ..1 U •• buying on the ordinary _rut. Moreover • .any of th••• a •• oclation • •xlst In a conflict of Intere.t envlron..nt wh.re the po.slbllitl •• for •• If- d.allng aaong .snag...nt create d.ng.r. for th••• Th• .ortgag. l.ndlng pollci •• of Equltabl. Tru.t Co.pany are .lso studied. In the report on ETC and the as.oclation •• data for 1968. the la.t big y.ar for whe.llng and d.allng in real •• tat. in 8altl.or•• wa. cho••n a. indicative of the bu.in••• of tbs •• In.titutlon. I �during the .ixtie.. ETC' • .ortgage busiae.a during 1970 . .a a1.0 atudied a. a .1ight indication ot the .hift vhich hea taken place in • it. attitude toward .pecu1ation. THE INCREASE IN BLACK OWNER- OCCUPIED DWELLINGS During the 1960'. there va. an increa.e ot 6,671 * !ft the nu.ber of dwelling. owner occupied by black fa.ilie.. In ette.pting to get .0.. idea of how the.e hou.es were bought, ve .hou1d tate into consideration the 4,000 hou.e. bought by the .. jor .pecu1ator. during the decade. The extent of their activity .can be seen in the acco.penying table (.ee p. iii), not tully pub1i.hed heretotore. We would estimate that during the sixtie. only \ to 1/3 ot the black tamilie. vh. purcha •• d h.... in Baltimor. vera ab1. to buy at a t.ir ..rket pric.. This .stimat. h boIsed pertly 011 our studias and partly on two yoars experience ot the data. FINANCIAL RoorS OF THE PROBLEM The root of the problem is tinancia1. ta.ilie. can obtain financing. The in... tors and not For exa.ple, Morri. Goldseker wa. able to borrow 10; .illion dollars between January of 1965 and the end ot 1968. The source of this money i. a. follow.: Maryland National Bank Uptown Federal SLA Equitable Trust Bank "r.t Nati_l Bank of Md. NattOIlal City Bank ot Baltimore (now Suburban Tru.t) 1,639,750 1,059,650 1,168,350 700,150 253,450 Gold.. ker al.o borrowed 5; .illion dollar. during this ti .. (pert in late 1964) from Manutacturer'. Life In.urance Company ot Canada. ;-- ETC Ba.ed on data of the U.S. Bureau of the Cen.u.. It .. y be inaccurate .ince ta.ilie. on lea.e and option contract. are otten fraudulently told thet they are home owner. by the landlord &Ad then report this in the cen.us. 11 �• "_e. Solei 2 3 Average Puroha.e Average Sale Price ot re.old Price ot re.old Hou.ea lleu.e. "_e.1 Bought Puroha.e Price 1,678 10,853,767 742 9,427,723 6,868 12,706 85% Louh Singer 446 2,930,897 250 2,975,578 6,458 11 ,903 84% Valter and Al Becker 264 1,826,606 106 1,308,008 7,248 12,340 70% Stanley E. Suga~ (~. Sea.an, C. capl~ 388 2,824,790 148 1,302,273 5,371 8,79' 63% Morrh Wolf (J. Prled. .n) 416 2,824,890 300 3,351,865 6,974 12,290 60% Walter Kinan (A. Applete1d, ". J. Gerber) 440 3,243,767 247 2,998,646 7,683 12,140 58% Anthany Piccinini 313 2,498,160 152 1,823,972 7,775 12,000 54% 4 Speculator. Morrl. Gold.eter .. .. Sale Price Average Markup 1. Mou.e. bought by the •• men In the tittle. or earlier and .old In the .ixtl •• are not Included. 2. Incr...ed ground rent ha. been capltallzed and tlgured In. It previoualy exhting ground rent h capltalhed and tigured In, than the average purcha.e prlc•• and the average sal. -.prlce • • hould be ral.ed about eight hundred dollar •• 3. Our pren_ .tudie. ahow that the •••ale prlc•• are three to tour thouaand aba.. the tair .. rket .,.lue. _.t 4. The co.puter data ba •• , an which thh page 1a ba •• d, c ...tain. 60,000 property tran.ter.. P'or Jan. 1960 to the .nd ot 1964 It cCX\taln. the 17 cen.us tract. whera there va. racial change. P'or Jan. 1965 to Dec 31, 1968 It cantain. the .hol. city. �wa. the local .gont tor thlo co.pany. lldge Garden., Ino., • de"elop.ant In Saltl_re County, wa. put up tor .ecurlty• • COMMEICIAL BANKS The Ralph Nader .tudy ot Firat NetlClftal City Sank ot New York, put.lhhed thb . _ r undor tho dlrectlOll ot Da"ld Lalnadort, brought out the t.ct that c_rclal banb cantrol 75% to tholr 8ORopoly ot chocking .ccount.. their lending pollcla. dataralne tha lifo. .t .... n.bl. _ ey due Bec.u.e of thl. coatrol ~uallty of .ach of our natlGDOl For ex&.pla, baaka _y daclda to flnanca blgg.r .Irplana. rather than haulag. A. ana of the. . c_rclal baaka, ETC greatly .rtecta tho ~uallty of Ilfa In Saltl.ore. To tho city'. datrl . .nt ETC has • policy of _king _rtg.ga loan. anly •• fa"or. to 1t. a.ployaa. of choice customer.. 0Im e.ployae. or to It doe. not tlnanca olty f ••llia. awn though It t.b. In the _ey of city peopla at Ita branches and .ct• • • • dapoaltory for fedoral, .t.te and city fund.. Eftn 8OrO de_glng to the city than thh naglact of faalU . . , ETC cooper.tad vlth .xplolt.tiOll by buying the aortg.ga. of exploit.ti"•••"lng• •nd loan. lib Jeffaroon Federol .nd t.y landing _ey directly to exploiter•• THE IOU: OF tHE FEDERAL GOVDNMENT the Fedaral COftrn-.at trl •• to pr_t. h _ Gllmer.hlp In Indirect way.. It _b. tho c_rclal banka pay • Uttlo 1... intare.t an ..nng. dapoalta than the ..nng. and loan ••• ocl.tl . . I. the hope that _ay will be dlwrt.d lato ••• ocl.tlOll .ccount • •nd than Into aortgaga loan. by the.e •••ocl.tl.... Tha Fader.l GoYernaont .1.0 .et. up .ub.ldlsed .acClftd.ry _rbt., like tho Fedar.l Netloaal Mortg.ga A•• ocl.tlon, to buy _reg.ge • •ReI thoreby _ b .ore _ay iv �.~tl.ble tor ha.. ttaanctag. But the.e lndtrect _thod. do not work. For elUI8ple , t he c_- _ret.l banlta otter uny .ernce., have branche., and haft • lIOI\opoly ot cbecktag .COedDt.. Such .ttr.ctton. drew .any people to " "e In the. r.ther than the ...... ag. and 10lUl ••• eol.tl_•• Nader .nd Latn.dorf .uggen that the Fedenl G_~nt .ct directly .nd foree the co..eret.l banka to .ern netghborhoed people. They rec~d that 2/3 of the banka' ...... ng• •ccount lIOI\.y ( • • _11 part of t hetr •••• t ••• bout 25% tn the c••• of ETC) go Into .crtg.g. tlnanclag . w. .pecal.t or.. rec~d The thet tt go Into tlnanctag t ••llle. and not g_~t could do thl. by •• ttlng • law l nt.r•• t r.te t o ba patd on Hvtng •• CCOUDta by c_retd banka i t t hey did not In,,e.t 2/3 ot their ...... ng•• ccount aoney In h~ buylag lOIUl •• Tht. would cau•• the lIOI\ey to flow to In.tttutl_. whtch dt d .ern the c _ l ty. CONCWSIOtI In thl. third .tudy w• • re getting to the gut. of the _ tt.r. Th. c ....rel.1 bank., bec.u•• ot th.tr prl"tl.g•• , ha". an obllg.tlon to the ca..unlty. Ju.t •• working cl••• peopl. turn to the c....rel.l banka •• d.poa ltort •• for th.lr HYing., they au.t be .bl. t o obt.ln tro- the c .... rcl.1 bank. credtt .t • t.lr prlc•• w xpect •• In.tltutl_. Itke ETC to exaadn. th. l r I.ndlng poltcl ••• Wo n••d not ..ntton that cooper.tlon for prottt wt t h the .xplolter• ...t be c08pI.t.ly .topped. But _ch _re ta need. d . tba dty n.ed po.lttv•••"lc•• In the .re. of h_ The peopl. of tlnanclng. Since their .an.y I_ gl.dly .ccepted .t ETC, I.t ETC g ladly ottor .crtg.g• ••mc••• " �If the prIIctlo. . d.acrlbed In thh ad __ prllYioua etudl.a tln_. It will 0II1y be a _tter ot t l . betore the olty h 00ll- d. .t~. Par e.ploltetlan plac.a d.atructlve and dlaorgeal.lag prIIaaura an ta.tly atructurea and atability and OIl clty n.lghborhooda. 8altl_ra ahould be a beautiful place to lIva. to grow. ad t. work. It CUI anly be auch It _ prIIa.rw. aerve. and aourhh our _ t prIICloua reaeyrce. people aDd taadlt.a. Ve wtah to thank George Bur. who did the atudy ot the atat. ohartered ..Ying and loan a .. octattaoa. and Edward Dougherty who dtd the aUdy of Iqultllb·.<:, Trus::" s 'DOr~g"i~ l 'mdl ag In the ctty. Sarapson Green Chalr-an. ActlYiata. Inc. John Hartlne. Co~halr-an. Houalag Aotl.,tata. IIlc. Auguat 25. 1971 C~tt.e. �TABLE OF ----- - - CONTENTS Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . i Introduc tio n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . • . . . . . . . . .. 1 I - Savings and Loan Assoc iations ....... .. .... ... .. ... ............. 4 Genera 1 View.. . .................. . .. . ... ... ......... .. .... . 4 St. Casimir's ... . . .... . .... .. . • ........ . . .... ... .... . . ..... 8 New Michael's ..... .. ... •...... . ....... . .. .. .......... . ....• 10 Other Associations ....... ... ........... ....... ... .......... 11 Recommendations . ..... . .. ... .... . ..•...... . .... . .. . ... ... .. . 12 Da ta ... .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. . .............. . .... . ••. ... .. . . .. ... . 16 II - Equi tab Ie Trus t Bank . .... ..... . . ...................... .. ....... 24 General View . . .. ... ..... .. ... ..... . •... .•. .. ......... . .. .. . 24 Recommendatio ns . . .. . . . . .. ... ...............•.....•. . ....... 26 Data ... . . . . . . .. ........... ... ........ .... .•. . .... . . ........ 27 �INTRODUCTION Anyone familiar with the teeming tenement conditions of a • city like New York can understand the pride with which Baltimore looks on its own housing. Even with the increasing number of apartment pr ojects Baltimore remains a city of neighborhoods of one and two family dwellings. Underneath the neighborhood facade, however, housing has experienced a subtle but cataclysmic change during the sixties. After a post-d ep ressi on period of steady increase, the percentage of owneroccupied dwelling units declined from 54 .3% in 1960 to 44.5% in 1970. The drop is roughly equivalent to that experienced during the depression and puts the percentage of home owne rship in Baltimore down almost to the level of 1940. This decline in home ownership is not directly related to the increase in black population for the percentage of ownership among both black and white decreased significantly. In fact, black families increased their number of owner-occupied units some 25 % in the decade but due to the increasing need of housing among blacks, this increase of 25%, as a percentage of the total number of black-occupied units, is actually a decrease from 34.5% in 1960 to 30.1% in 1970. White families have always received preferential treatment from real estate services and since the depression the mortgage assistance of the FHA. These advantages, however, were to no avail in the city during the si x ties when home ownership by white families declined from a high of 62.5% in 1960 to 54.2% of their dwelling units in 1970. The increase in the number of rented units in the city during the decade comes to about 35,000 while the decrease of owner-occu pi e d units amounts to about 22,000. (see Table I) - 1 - �- 2 - It is probably impossible to analyse adequately the complex array of circumstances which is transforming Baltimore into a tenant • community. One deterrent to the black family's purchase of property has surely been a fear of getting entangled with the exploiter, a situation which now strains the energies of thousands of black buyers. But even if a black family desires to buy a home on the just housing market, he often remains at the mercy of a mortgage money market which has shown itself anxious to finance the exploiter and the real estate investor while at the same time denying mortgage money to families. During the sixties it was nearly impossible for a black family to finance a modest home without paying unjust fees. In "serving" the black com- munity the mortgage money institution controls a scarce resource. Like medieval lords exacting heavy tolls on road and river traffic, the institution and its management are able to exact the toll of points, origination fees, appraisal fees, and the like. Often it will try to lend a family money for repairs over and above what is needed to purchase the home Simply. because its policies eliminate lending under $10,000.00 to families while at the same time exploiters and property holders find ready access to sums of money of any size. What extra profits accrue to lending institutions involved in this type of business penalize the city resident over and above any reasonable responsibility to shareholders or stockholders. Sometimes, in fact, the extra profits, by way of cash or influence, are pocketed directly by the management. In such a way the powerful instrument of mortgage money aids the transformation of Baltimore into an exploited tenant community; only a just distribution of mortgage money back into the city from which it comes can reverse this trend. �- 3 The lion's share of mortgage money fi nancing the transfer of housing during the sixties comes from three s ources: the building, • savings and loan associations , the commercial and mutual savings banks and the mortgage investment companies. Each institution among the several hundred institutions in the city chooses from a variety of specialized investment po licies. As an example of such a choice a mortgage investment company might choose to limit its mortgage lending to families buying new homes in federally insured or subsidized projects. Or a savings and loan might choose to lend money almost exc lusively to landlords or, as was the case with Jefferson Federa l Savings and Loan Association in the sixties, to families buying from real estate companies at exploitative prices. Each policy remains flexible but a given institution over a limited amount of time can gene rall y be classified by . the speciali zed type of financing which it undertakes. If many mortgage institutions in our city adopt th e same policy, whole segments of its citizens can be effect ively exploited or effectively blacklisted. In the past fears of deterioration caused a black listing by geography, a self-fulfilling mechanism for turning whole inner city areas into slums. Other more subtle forms of blacklisting are now being practiced: Mortgage institutions blacklist whit e or black families in such a way as to steer them to the neighborhood s in which they will create the greatest instability; they also blacklist th e working-class family by making it difficult for them to ob tain small amounts of mortgage money for the purchase of urban homes. The following sections survey only a small grou p o f lending institutions. In the first section some building, savings and loan associations are evaluated with mixed results. Associations like St. Casimir's show that mortgage lending can be both just and profitable. A·group of state-chartered associations, however, with some inter-locking �- 4 leadership, did a majority of its lending to investors or families buying from speculators. New Michael's, one of these state institutions, is shown to have a business policy in 1968 in sharp contrast to St. Casimir's. In the second section Equitable Trust Bank is identified as a strong supporter of the real estate speculator and investor while it consistently blacklisted the city family. I. SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS At the beginning of the depression over half the dwelling units in Baltimore City were owner-occupied. The ability of families to own their own homes was due in no small measure to the building and loan associations which dotted the city neighborhoods. Churches, fraternal associations and ethnic groups organized associations so that members could buy a piece of the city following a model that in this country dates back to 1831. An historical marker erected in 1931 in the Frankford section of Philadelphia commemorates the first association in the United States, the Oxford Provident Building Association, and the contribution of all associations "to the extension of home ownership and to the consequent strengthening of the ideals of individual liberty on the basis of the family dwelling." The mere sound of the names of the associations in Baltimore instilled confidence into the hearts of immigrant groups adjusting to the American way: Bohemian Building and Loan, Garibaldi, St. Casimir's, Kosciuszko, Slovan and Germania to name a few. In those days a friendly neighborhood atmosphere was not difficult to maintain. One factor leading to the neighborhood atmosphere may have been the laissez faire manner in which the local savings and loan could operate. Up to 1961 Maryland's saving and loan industry successfully fought the creation of its own state regulatory agency. Such a lack of regulation, in contrast �- 5 - to all other states save Alaska, may have fostered a neighborhood atmosphere but it also invited speculative interests into the state • to take advantage of what one new entrant called "the last frontier of free enterprise in America." The state industry found itself threatened by the competition and the instability of these associations established by outsiders. threatening. The instability of some local ass ociations was also For these reasons the associations on the whole supported the foundation of the State Building, Savings and Loan Assoc iation Commission. Its main effort is directed thr ough the monitoring of association leadership and practice to the preventi on of association failure and the c onsequent loss of public confidence in all state associations. There is evidence below, however, that the industry needs more careful supervision in order t o carry out the stated purpose of state regulation: The savings and l oan business has so expanded in recent years and has become so integrated with the financial institutions of this state and is so important as a method of promoting home ownership and thrift, that such business is affected with a public interest and shall be supervised as a business affecting the economic security and general welfare of the people of this state (State of Maryland Annotated Code, 23, section 144.). The code follows the legal traditi on of the state in noting that the purpose of the building and l oan ass ociati on is the promo tion of "home ownership and thrift." In a 1923 judgment a Baltimore Circuit Court stated that "the distinguishing mark of a building ass oc iation is the loan of money to its members to be used in the purchase of real and leasehold property, usuall y for homes of the borrowing members ... " (Lakeview Building and Loan Association vs . Beyer, 4 Balto. City Reports 177 , 178 (1923). In a more recent opininion delivered by the chief �- 5 - to all other states save Alaska, ma y have fostered a neighborhood atmosphere but it als o invited speculative interests into the state • to take advantage of what one new entrant called "the last frontier of free enterprise in America ." The state industry found itself threatened by the competition and the instability of these ass ociations established by outsiders. threatening. The instability of some local ass ocia t ions was also For these reasons th e associations on the whole supported the f oundation of the State Building, Savings and Loan Association Commission. Its main effort is directed thr ough the monitoring of association leadership and practice to the pr evention of association failure and the consequent loss of public confidence in all state associations. There is evidence below, however, that the industry needs more careful supervision in o rd e r t o carry out the stated purpose of state regulation : The savings and l oan business has so expanded in recent years and has become so integrated with the financial institutions of this stat e and is so important as a method of promot ing home owne rship and thrift , that such business is affected with a public interest and shall be supervis ed as a business affecting th e economic s ecu rit y and general welfare of the people of this state (State of Maryland Annotated Code, 23, section 144 . ). The code follows the legal tradition of the state in noting that the purpose of the building and l oan ass ociati on is the promotion of "home ownership and thrift . " In a 192 3 judgment a Baltimore Circuit Court stated that "the distingu ishing mark of a building ass oc iation is the loan of money to its members t o be used in the purchase of real and leasehold pr operty, usuall y for homes of the borrowing members ... " (Lakeview Building and Loan Association vs. Beyer, 4 Ba1to. City Reports 177,1 78 (1923). In a more recent opininion delivered by the chief �- 6 judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals, mortgages for commercial purposes were included as a legitimate investment of an association but • only conditionally: '~ile the general purposes of the building asso- ciation are to promote thrift and to facilitate the purchase of homes or both, such associations which have a surplus may invest it in mortgages for commercial purposes ..... (Poole vs. Miller, 211 Md. 448). Any just interpretation of "commercial purposes" must surely exclude from the purpose of the building association the support of exploitative real estate trading and of a systematic accumulation of rental property by landlords. Thomas Harlan Eminizer, the newly-appointed director of the Building, Savings and Loan Association Commission, in a recent interview agreed that it is the intent of the law that associations commit only surpluses to the financing of real estate speculators or landlords. He claimed, however, that he knew of no association which is at the present time heavily involved in this kind of financing. His chief examiner stated that there was a time when mortgage money was plentiful and it was not unusual for an association to have to find outlets for depositors' money . Anyone who has followed a black family around from association to association to find financing knows that such a period of real surpluses has not existed during the sixties. Moreover, only outlandish terms landed white families money to buy property in such areas as Charles Village during the last few years. If surpluses exist, they are artificial and reflect the management's utter inability to fulfill the need for which the associations exist. Another important factor which led to the neighborhood nature of the savings and loan association is its organizational structure. �- 7 Many associations in Maryland are mutual associations. This means that the depositors, known as free shareholders, and borrowers alike • have a legal position as owners of the association. They possess the legal power to control policies through majority vote and the selection of the board of directors. even aware of their rights. But nowadays most shareholders are not In practice even those shareholders who are aware sign over their voting rights to the directors. Only rarely are members encouraged to attend the annual meetings which are legally required. Usually only directors are present at these meetings during which they are self-elected and place a rubber stamp on their own policies. Moreover, there is a glaring contradiction between the ideals of mutualists and the reluctance of the leaders and managers of the industry to provide their members with substantial information about their associations. The ignorance and lack of participation of the shareholders contributes t o a situation dangerous to the association in many ways. The directors are very often real estate brokers or salesmen, lawyers, appraisers, insurance agents and so forth. self-dealing is great. Thus, the potential for Over and above income from salaries, directors' fees and earnings on their deposits, the directors can have their judgment about mortgage loans blinded by the personal profits accruing to them in the form of origination fees, lawyers' fees, appraisal fees, real estate and insurance commissions and the like. loan several hundred dollars Even on a small can be self-dealt to the directors. The enticements involved in perverting a savings and loan into the mistress of the exploiter and the landlord may be even greater. (see Table 3) �- 8 - But wh ether an association is a mutual associa tion or alternately, a guaranty stock association in which voting rights are not held by the ordinar y depositors, Mr. Eminizer stated that the purpose of the ass ociati on, thrift and home ownership, remains exactly the same. In both cases, he said, the purpose of his commi ssion is to pro tect the memb ers of the association . He was careful to point out that members legally include not on ly people depositing savings in the association but also th ose wh o borrow from the association. With this background the recent business of two stateregulated savings and l oan associations, New Michael's and St. Casimir's, both with neighborh oo d origins in High land town , can be contrasted. An analysis shows how one association, St . Casimir ' s, can rightly be called an instrument strengthening "th e ideals of individual liberty" while the other, New Michael's, has been used t o enslave fami lies in the exploitative h ousing market . St. Cas imir' s W ll below Patterson Park at O'Donnell and Kenwood Streets e sits the church of St. Casimir's. Some sixty years ago members of this parish, some of them merchants and shopkeepers, founded the St. Casimir's Savings and Loan Association. In its early years it served the ethnic groups in its immediate neighborhood by providing financing for home ownership. But now St. Casimir's is large enough to extend its expertise allover the eastern half of the city and into adjacent Baltimore County as well. Its main office now stands at th e busy intersection of Dundalk and Eastern Avenues poised t o serve the suburban areas east of the city. But unwilling to sever itself from that part of the city which gave it pirth, St. Casimir's still retains a branch office right in the heart of Highlandtown. �- 9 - The management of St. Casimir's no longer types it as a neighborhood association but continues to follow its founding purpose providing mortgages for home owne rs no matter how inexpensive the home. Its po licies embrace an occasional loan to an investor but only rarely has it dealt with the exploite r in the black housing market. Working class families are very often refused small amounts of mortgage money t o purchas e homes. Lending institutions complain about the low r e turn on such a mortgage because of service charges fixed on a mortgage of any size. St. Casimir's, however, accepts many small mortgages as this following table shows: Year Number of mortgage loans made in the city* Percentage of these loans which were $8000 or less 1968 189 74% 1970 192 70% Such a practice contrasts sharply with the policy of a prominent federal savings and loan which limits the number of small mortgages to less than 5% of its total number. the income. Otherwise, the president says, costs outrun It is in this light that St. Casimir's can be said to be helping the little guy. The impressive record of St. Casimir's could possibly be offset by the fact that many of these small loans could be going to investors. But this was not the case in 1968 when only eight of its city loans went to companies or to people readily identified as investors. *In all the statistics in this report a mortgage loan is a first mortgage loan made for the purpose of purchasing real estate. It does not include second mortgages, refinancing mortgages, loans for home repairs (such 'mortgages" bear higher interest rates) and the like. �- 10 This information by no means gives a complete picture of the business of St . Casimir's; any free shareholder should be entitled to much mor e. Yet the picture of its business is clear eno ugh to con- trast it with New Michael's. New Michae l' s New Michael's is an older organization, first chartered in 1885. In 1912 it was doing business ou t of an office about ten blocks southwest of its present site just north of Patterson Park. It must have promoted home ownership in its neighborhood at one time but by the fifties there is evidence that New Michael's was doing business well outside its area in the changing neighborhoods west of downtown. It appears that while other associations like St. Casimir ' s continued t o support home ownership in Canton and Highlandtown, the policy of New Michael's was decided not by or for the local free shareho lders but by and for investors who work in the black and mixed neighborhoods of Baltimore. the city. New Michael's processed fifty-three loans in 1968 in Twenty-three of them were made in West Baltimore neighbor - hoods whil e twenty of them were made along the Greenmount corridor north of North Avenue. Thirty-five of these l oans are to investors or t o families buying from investors. In the latter case i nvest ors s e lling real estate to families marked up houses an average of 90%, purchasing fifteen of them at B2,367 and reselling them at 157,460 dollars. The management of New Michael ' s controls at least two o ther savings and loans with virtually the same type of policies, one on the west side, Lib ert y Bui l ding and Loan and another on E. 25th Street, Homewo od Savings and Loan. Together the assets of these associations amount t o about 3\ mi l lion dollars. The perve r sion of this free shareh o ld ers' money to exploit their neighbors , ruin their n eighborhoods �- 11 - and further the commercial interests of landlords should not be t o lerated by the regulatory agency of this state. Whatever gains come to the management from this type of perversion should be car efu lly inves tigated by the agency and legislation promoted to reflect the criminal nature of these prof its. Other Associations Table II in the data section shows that New Michael's is not f o llowing a unique policy. Many associations, both state and f ede rally chartered, cooperated substantially with the exploiter and the investor in the past decade. The list in the data section names on ly twenty- four of these associations which were chosen because of th e extent of their investor-re lated activity in 1968. ciations lent over 4~ In that year these asso- million dollars, or 78% of the t ota l money lent in the city by them in 1968, to investors or to exploit families buying from investors. These 690 investor-r e late d l oans acco unt for 12% of the mortgage loans mad e in Baltimo re City in 1968. What the percentage is for th e approximately 250 associations operating in the city would involve a more thor uugh study. Of these twenty-four associations, twenty-one, r es ponsible for three million dollars o f the 4~ million loaned, are state-chartered and under the dir e ct supervision of the state commission. According to the intent of building and l oan law and court opinion in the state these associations can assist commercial investment in real estate onl y if they have a surplus of money. The commission sh ould demand that these associations prove that they had a surplus to the extent of 76% of th eir city-lending power in 1968. * And if the commission is willing to remain blind to the exploitation of borrowers, families *Ve ry few of these associations made loans outside the city which would significantly alter the percentage of investor-related lending calculated on ly in terms of city lending. �- 12 buying from exploiters, it should at least demand that these institutions show that they had the 58% surplus to lend directly to investors and landlords. No one claims that landlords should be blacklisted but commercial banks and not associations which proudly claim to be established to promote "thrift and home ownership" should be their main source of money. So far for 1971 no data has been collected which indicates the amount of money still being lent by these associations to exploit families and promote the landlord. However, a study of the land records indicates that in the first six months of 1971 only about 255 mortgage ~s have been made by these twenty-four associations, a drop of about 40% from 1968. Perhaps as many as 50% of these loans have been made to families without investor involvement. The public welfare demands, however, that the state director order a complete study of these associations to determine if they are lending within the law. The recommendations which follow are offered in the hope that associations which have served families by providing for both the promotion of thrift and home ownership will receive their just reward of public esteem and confidence. The associations cited, how- ever, cast a pall upon the whole industry and until their practices are eliminated the industry will continue to suffer in the seventies from the same sort of suspicions which prompted the creation of the Building, Savings and Loan Commission in 1961. Recommendations No new legislation is required to halt the exploitation of Baltimore's neighborhoods with its own money. The state director of the Building, Savings and Loan Association Commission is fully empowered �- 13 to investigat e as sociations whose business so endangers the public welfare and t o in form the public of the results of his inves t i gation . • Sinc e these ass oc i a tions have carried on their business right under the nose of the commis s ion without its taking any action, it can only be assumed that tax payers unwittingly support this commission t o protect the inves tment opportunities of associations' managements and local , investors r ath er than to protect themselves. A vigorous i nvesti- gation of the a ss ociations named here should be conducted to de termine: 1) Th e extent of self-dealing when the director s of a gi ven association authorize loans to property investors or families buying from speculators, e.g., when New Michael ' s lends money to a family buying from Goldseker, what by way of finder's fees, origination fee s, points, commissions and the like accrue to the associat ion or its directors over and above those involved in th e norma l mortgage market? 2) Wh ich a s sociations have ties with real estate fi rms or property investors by means of directors , off icers or counsel who are also brokers or agents, e. g . , a real est ate broker, Alvin M. Lapidus, who invests in real esta te under the name of AMG, Inc. is also the attorney f or Woodmoor Savings and Loan Association wh os e pres i dent and secretary are Stanley I. Lapidu s a nd Iris S. Lap i dus . Other investors who dir ectly b i nd an as sociat ion and a real estate company are t h e fo llowing: Wal ter Becker is the president of AI-Walt Corporation and a director of Un iversal Bui l ding and Loan; Zell C. �- 14 Hurwitz is a broker with Ben-Hur Realty and a director of Sharon Building and Loan Association. 3) (see Table 3) Which of these associations had a surplus in 1968 which they could invest "in mortgages f or coumercia1 purposes" and which have surpluses now. If an asso- ciation consistently places its mone y in commercial investments, its charter should be revoked and the money permitted to serve commercial interests in a financial institution designed for that purpose. The law regarding the purpose of an association should be clarified so that those associations which do not follow out the purpose are penalized. 1) Some suggestions for this law are: On all mortgage loans made by associations to families to purchase homes, the purchase price paid by the seller should be indicated together with the date of that purchase. 2) Tax penalties should be levied against associations proportionate to the amount of mortgage money lent to real estate companies and investors. In this way management can be forced to develop contacts with home buyers and serve them rather than make painful deals with investors. 3) Only a very small percentage of money lent by an association each year should be allowed to go to families buying from a single real estate company or from real estate companies with interlocking officers. 4) Associations should be obligated to report, not only to the commission but also to the members whom the �- 15 commission is protecting, the amount of money lent each year to families for home buying purposes. • 5) State funds should be invested by law in associations which consistently lend to families. �TABLE I YEAR troTAL NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS IN BALTO. CITY TOTAL NUMBER OF OCCUPIED UNITS OWNER-OCCUPIED UNITS AS % OF UNITS OCCUPIED NUMBER OF NUMBER OF 1. BLACK ~RWHITE OWNEROCCUPIED OCCUPIED UNITS OCCUPIED UNITS OWNERS BY RACE , TOTAL BLACK 1930 193,991 1940 236,442 227,360 96% 3,254 1950 277 ,880 268,501 97% 1960 290,155 275,597 1970 305,521 287,500 ~ NA NA NA NA 50 . 3 89,651 8.4 47 . 5 40 . 8 12,441 126,292 24.0 58 . 3 51.7 95% 27,628 122,050 34 . 3 62.5 54.3 95% 34,299 93,986 30.1 54 . 2 44.5 NA NA WHITE �TABLE II Key to Table 1) Association 2) Address of Association 3) Approximate Assets 4) Number and dollar amount of mortgage loans to purchase real estate (1968) made in 1968 in Baltimore City (Source: Land Records of Baltimore City). 5) Number and dollar amount of these loans going to investors (A real estate company or an individual who made two or more purchases of real estate in the city in 1968 is known as an investor. Since the 1968 records could not be exhaustively studied to determine the number of purchases by every individual financed by these associations, this figure is likely to be smaller than it actually was . ). 6) Number and dollar amount of these loans going to families buying from investors. 7) Average mark-up by the investor on the sales financed by loans going to families under statement 6. This does not include pos- sible increases in ground rent. 8) Percentage of total money lent going to investors or to families buying from investors (city lending). 9) Percentage of total money lent going to invest~rs alone (city lending). - 17 - �- 18 - Totals for 24 Associations 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. • 108 827 482 208 77% 78% 45% million dollars - 5,457,201 - 2,490,415 - 1,788,594 (for 23 associations) State-Chartered Associations l. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 2. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 3. 1- 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Alamo Permanent Building and Loan Association 221 E. North Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21202 ~ million dollars 6 -41,100 6 -41,100 100% 100% Ashburton Building and Loan Association, Inc. Sutton Place ~ million dollars 29 - 147,400 26 - 128,100 87% 87% Aztec Savings and Loan Association North Avenue and Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21213 over ~ million dollars 9 - 63,030 2 - 11 ,550 7 - 51,480 93% 100% 18% Baltimore Building and Loan Association 1 East Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 over 3/4 million dollars 38 - 188,500 24 - 106,000 3 - 26,200 66% 70% 57% �- 19 5. • 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Business Men's Building Association 301 Munsey Building, 21202 over 3/4 million dollars 19 - 81,000 12 - 55,700 69% 69% 1. Fairfax Savings and Loan Association 2. 110 E. Lexington Street, 21202 3. over ~ million dollars 4.24-77,750 5. 19 - 60,550 6. 7. 8. 9. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. First Progressive Building and Loan Association 1341 W. North Avenue, 21217 over 1 million dollars 44 - 235,000 24 - 133,050 8. 9. 7. 78% 78% 57'7. 57'7. l. 2. 3. Irving Permanent Building and Loan Association 1303 Court Square Building, 21202 under ~ million dollars 23 - 82,400 14 - 41,950 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 9. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 51% 51% Lazaretto Permanent Building and Loan Association 113 S. Clinton Street, 21224 over ~ million dollars 8 - 68,654 9. 8 - 68,654 77% 100% 0% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Liberty Building and Loan Association 1681 W. North Avenue, 21217 under 1 million dollars 13 - 88,610 8 - 36,200 3 - 25,410 7. 73% 8. 9. 70% 41% 6. 7. 8. 10. �- 20 11. • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Mortgage Loan and Savings Association 301 Munsey Building, 21202 l~ million dollars 44 - 296,750 28 - 184,150 7. 8. 9. 12. 62% 62% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. New Michael's Permanent Savings and Loan Association 400 N. Milton Avenue, 21224 under 2~ million dollars 53 - 309,030 25 - 133,750 15 - 88,750 90% 8. 13. 14. 72% 9. 43% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Northeastern Bohemian Savings and Loan Association 6721 Harford Road, 21234 14 million dollars 153 - 879,077 112 - 621,677 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Northeastern Loan and Savings Association 4335 York Road, 21212 1\ million dollars 21 - 180,400 1 1,500 20 - 178,900 81% 100% .6% 9. 15. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 16. 71% 71% Premier Savings and Loan Association 6257 Kenwood Avenue, 21237 6 million dollars 36 - 279,150 6 - 37,500 24 - 194,900 80% 83% 13% 5. 6. Sharon Building and Loan Association 232 N. Liberty Street, 21201 2 million dollars 38 - 337,840 17 - 162,140 13 - 112,900 7. ? 8. 9. 82% 48% l. 2. 3. 4. �- 21 - 5. Slovanstvo Savings and Loan Association 2428 E. Monument Street, 21205 3/4 million dollars 10 - 52,100 8 - 38,100 6. 7. 8. 9. 17. 73% 73% l. 2. 3. 4. • 18. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Summit Building and Loan Association 1 East Redwood Street, 21202 140 thousand dollars 13 - 53,000 12 - 50,800 7. 8. 9. 19. 20. 21. 96% 96% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Universal Building and Loan Association 5218 Reisterstown Road, 21215 3/4 million dollars 11 - 51,800 10 - 46,800 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Vanguard Savings and Loan Association 7114 North Point Road, 21219 3/5 million dollars 49 - 279,800 44 - 235,700 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Woodmoor Savings and Loan Association 5314 Reisterstown Road, 21215 ~ million dollars 24 - 137,000 19 - 110,100 90% 90% 84% 84% 81% 81% Totals for State-Chartered Associations 3. 4. 5. 6. 34.4 million dollars 663 - 3,930,391 458 - 2,261,667 24 194,900 7. 8. 9. 80% (except Sharon BL) 83% 13% �- 22 Associations with Federal Charters l. • l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 2. Jefferson Federal Savings and Loan Association 215 E. Fayette Street, 21202 8 million dollars 78 - 719,450 5 - 30,500 69 - 654,750 82% 95% .4% 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 3. Patapsco Federal Savings and Loan Association 6730 Holabird Avenue, 21222 6 million dollars 16 - 104,150 8 - 38,150 2 - 17,600 76% 53% 36% 12. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Uptown Federal Savings and Loan Association 6609 Reisterstown Road , 21215 60 million dollars 70 - 703,210 11 - 160,098 44 - 389,300 58% 78% 23% l. Sub-Totals for 3 Associations With Federal Charters: 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 72 million dollars 164 - 1,52u,810 24 228,748 115 - 1,061,650 73% 85% 1570 TABLE III This table lists some of the positions in those savings and loans of Table II which are held by men with influential and profitable positions in real estate. Many savings and loan directors are also in such businesses as building material supply and insurance. This list �- 23 - • is limited to the real estate business proper because, wherever a real estate broker or salesman serves on the board of an association, an • automatic "conflict of interest environment" arises. His interests, prompt and adequate financing of his properties, may be served best by specific action contrary t o the interest of the association and the public. First, however, any investigation into self-dealing by the directors of these 21 state-chartered associations is complicated by the fact that a surprising number of men, sixteen, were directors, officers or attorneys of two or more of these associations, relating twelve of these associations to at least one other of these twenty-one. The lists of brokers and salesmen who were directors of these 21 follows: Brokers Name Director of Real Estate Company Elliott Miller David Buchman Samuel J. Aaron Charles F. Hemelt Morton E. Baker Charles F. Hemelt Zell C. Hurwit z Walter Becker Ashburton BL Fairfax SL First Progressive BLA Liberty BL Mortgage LS New Michael's PSL Sharon BL Universal BL Midway Realty Co. Stanway Realty Co. Major Realty Service Trades in own name " " Ben-Hur Realty Trades in own name At least another broker is an attorney with an association whose president is his blood brother: Alvin M. Lapidus Attorney with Woodmoor SL AMG, Inc. Salesmen Name Director of Salesman with Rhea B. Snyder Albert G. Aaron Oscar I. Zerwitz Norman L. Herold Business Men's (sic) B First Progressive BL C. Snyder Agency Major Realty Co. Banner Realty Co. Vincent and Daily " Lazaretto PBL �- 24 c ont'd • Name • Director of Salesman with Raymond A. Holter W.E. Edmonst on Edward Gryni ewski Leonard Cohen New Michae l' s PBL Northeastern LS Northeastern Bohemian SL W dmoor SL oo W.H. Suchting, Jr . Douglas 1. Brown Bel Air Realty AMG, Inc. Final l y, a director of one of the state associations among these, Baltimore BL, is also a director of National City Bank of Baltimore. II. EQUITABLE TRUST BANK Commercial banks are not Bui lding, Sav ings and Loan Associations. Their purpose is not to 'promote thrift and home ownership. ' Their primar y conc e rn is not to increase families' savings, or to provid e mortgages for families buying homes. A commercial bank per- forms two basic functions; it holds money on demand (commercia l banks h old 75% of the nation ' s money) and it c r ea t es money by l ending the money it h o lds . The Equitable Trust Company of Baltimore, Maryland, is a commercial bank. 1970. It holds money: $304,343,839 in demand deposits in It l ends money: $3 18 , 263,2 19 in l oans in 1970. In effec t i t a ls o is a savings bank: in 1970 it held $154,87 6,254 in sav ings accounts and $68,652,946 in oth e r time deposits. It also grants mort gages: in 1970 ab out $9,000,000 in new mortgages. The Equitabl e Trust Company of Baltimore, Maryland, ca lls itself a " full service bank. " On the radio ETC says, "You know you can get a mortgage at Equitabl e to buy a home." But a study of ETC's land business in the years 19 68 and 1970 shows that ve ry few families in Baltimore City do , as a matter of fact, obtain mortgages from ETC to buy homes. �- 25 In summary the data below show that ETC financed only a • small number of famili es purchasing homes in th e city; and very few were buying low cost housing. • to families to buy homes. In 1968 possibl y forty-five loans went Four of these loans went to persons officially connected with the bank; onl y fou r others were under $9000. In 1970 only two of thirty-thre e possible mortgages for family home buying were under $9000 (see Table D). A family purchasing a modest home in the city is not likely to get mortgage money from ETC if it is to judge from the rec ord rather than from advertisements. Managers of the twenty-one city offices, in fact, are likely to be un fami liar with procedures f or m ga ge lending to families since on th e average a ort manager made only 1. 6 such mortgage loans in all of 1970. On the other hand, according to Table E, ETC's policies in 1968 show mortga ge support for the investor, mainly thr ough the acceptance of short term assignments*from the Goldseker Companies and from Jefferson Federal Savings and Loan. $70,000 in 1968. Lending to specu lat ors amounted to at least Maybe two or three hundred th ousand dollars . This is not much if compared t o Mar y land National Bank, which l en t over $800,000 to Lee Realty (a Goldseker Co.) in 1968. It is not much when compared to ETC's financin g in the first half of the 60 's of Kay Realty, the Eagle Corp., Forest Realty, Lee Realty, Land Realt y, Jay Realty, Book Realty, the Kenneth Co., Linwood Realty, the Lynn Corporation, Mel Realty, and Safet y Realty, (al l Goldseker Companies) and God know. how many others . It does not compare to the $5,500,000 loan that Goldseker got from the Manufacturers' Lif e Insurance Co . of Canada through the agency of ETC. And i n 1970 ETC was even bette~ almost cutting out completely its business with speculators and lending over *See p. 33, bottom. �- 26 - • $4,000,000 (Government insured?) for a housing project . almost commendab l e . • The change is But the thoughtless neighbor hood bu lly is not commended when h e stops taking the candy away from the sma ll children because ev er yone ' s pointing at him. And a bank is not commende d when it s t ops taking money from the exploitation of poor people, wh en the expl oitors wh om t he bank had financed are being taken to court and their actions have been publicized in newspapers and on TV. And a bank is not t o be commended because it has granted two mor tga ges under $9,000 t o t wo families for them to buy homes, or because it has granted home buying mor t gages to thirty-three families in t he wh ol e city of Baltimore . Recommendations Th e pas t history of ETC ' s involvement with specu l a t or s and ETC's ni ggardliness in granting family home buying mortgages, e specially in the l ow and middle income range, urge the necessity of government regulation t o prot ect the public welfare. ETC and the other comme rcial banks, with their tremendous pa ce - setting influence, must be fo rced to make mor e f und s ava i l able to Baltimore City families to buy houses. 1. Th e same s ort of restriction should be put on commercial banks not i n considerable savings deposi t s as hav e been pl aced on savings and loan association funds . Sp e cifically , f r om 50% t o 75% of savings deposits and ot he r t ime deposits sh oul d be r eserved for family home buying mortgages. 2. Commercial banks should be obligate d t o a ssis t t h e savings and l oan industry in making l oans to fami lie s buy ing directly from families. Either by buying up a certain amount of th ese mortgages from such sav ings and l oans or �- 27 by investing a certain percentage of their trust funds • in such savings and loans. 3. The city, state and federal government should not deposit tax-payers' money in banks that do not promote the public good by financing family home buying . 4. Citizens' groups interested in housing in Baltimore City should promote investment in banking houses that promote home ownership, and should actively discourage investment in banking houses that actively or passively discourage the buying of homes by families. Data - ETC In 1968 ETC granted 141 mortgages and 277 covenants, totaling about six million dollars. The covenants, in effect second, small, short term mortgages, accounted for about 17% of the money. Of the mort- gages proper 45 on already owned property amounted to $2,071,700 or about 34% of the money ETC lent on property. The remaining 96 mortgages were for the purchase of property and amounted to $2,985,650 or about half the money. ETC's 96 mortgages represent 2% of the total number of property buying mortgages granted in the city in 1968. In 1970 ETC granted 91 mortgages and 142 covenants, totaling about $9,500,000. About 6% of the money was in covenants; 36% or $3,450,700 in 30 mortgages on property already owned; and 58% or $5,603,900 in 61 mortgages to purchase property. ETC's 61 property buying mortgages are 1% of the total number of such mortgages granted in the city in 1970. Thus there was a decrease in the number of mortgages of 37% and an increase in money of 88%, most of the increase being accounted � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Baltimore Neighborhoods, Inc. Subject The topic of the resource Discrimination in housing Nonprofit organizations Citizens' associations Baltimore Metropolitan Area (Md.) African Americans Housing Baltimore (Md.) Community organization Reports Correspondence Newsletters Description An account of the resource This exhibit provides an introduction to the work of Baltimore Neighborhoods, Inc. (BNI) around issues of racial integration in housing and tenants' rights from the 1950s to the 2000s. Established in 1958, Baltimore Neighborhoods, Inc. was formed to promote an open housing market and viable integrated neighborhoods in the Baltimore area. It was established by several neighborhood associations and supported by civic organizations like the Greater Baltimore Committee. The early focus of the organization was to obtain open housing and stable neighborhoods during a period of widespread white flight and blockbusting in Baltimore City. Through education and advocacy, it sought to counter racial prejudice, to fight discrimination in the real estate industry, and to combat neighborhood deterioration resulting from segregated housing. More recently, BNI has focused on tenant-landlord relations and renters' rights. The Baltimore Neighborhoods, Inc. (BNI) collection at the University of Baltimore consists of 22 linear inches of archival records, which are described in an online collection database. The complete collection has also been digitized at the folder level and is also available in the collection database. For this exhibit, 32 documents have been selected from the complete collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections &amp; Archives, University of Baltimore</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/14" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Baltimore Neighborhoods, Incorporated Records, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1958-2009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be quoted or reproduced for personal and educational purposes without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given. When crediting the use of portions from this site or materials within that are copyrighted by us, please use the citation: "Used with permission of the University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archvies." Any commercial use of this material is prohibited without prior permission from the Special Collections & Archives, University of Baltimore. Commercial requests for use of the images or related text must be submitted in writing to: Special Collections & Archives, University of Baltimore, H. Mebane Turner Learning Commons, 1415 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21201 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0015-BNI Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-09 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 items Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Baltimore Under Siege: The Impact of Financing on the Baltimore Home Buyer (1960-1970) Description An account of the resource A computer-based study of exploitative lending practices to African American homebuyers in Baltimore City during the 1960s Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-09 Subject The topic of the resource Baltimore (Md.) Discrimination in housing Race discrimination House buying Savings and loan associations Mortgage banks Loans Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Activists, Inc. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context bni06.01.42a Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baltimore Neighborhoods, Incorporated Records (R0015-BNI), series VI, box 1, folder 42, Special Collections & Archives, University of Baltimore Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of this digital material is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Baltimore (Md.) Discrimination in housing House buying Loans Mortgage banks Race discrimination Savings and loan associations https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/ac7f35cf0db0c189255b0d51cdc21429.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=ouiKXW-DbB2bTv1dU-T8M9F1Qd7uZKpmlAiSHHub0OIIoloGsrRiPmDWmzY3M4B0v-9H4vso%7E4yY9WM1GXGpG%7EH06r7nymS5qTt5R9qef2bu3xnsl%7ERKZIu2uBeozgN5%7EnzBRYtOJ1n-uw4--NzHGYLOMK59CndCyKF33TwkxKqwvdtJ8scn4f2IRSISd7bIgU9R-mj3MOm9VjvipZfc8lByhOmrGtjnLfKAC1MQe9G9W4G89ZMhc2CX2RZ3Kfy4uLn3oy8UZ6F-QYpjVsCV%7EJ4lvJLsBjUJysuk8Nm5S2uARF1-PVRUg7F2oNr42HTmV5csK04ekdin0LBwqXj8bQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cd8aeb767c0d06b28616f60ec633d90b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert Breck Chapman Photographs Description An account of the resource The collection consists of photographic materials produced by Chapman for Baltimore's Model Cities Program, Urban Services Agency, and Department of Housing and Community Development. The collection documents anti-poverty, cultural arts, and youth education programs in Baltimore from the late 1960s through the mid-1990s, as well as public housing in the 1990s through 2002. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Robert Breck Chapman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/99" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Robert Breck Chapman Photographs</a> (R0102-RBC), Special Collections and Archives, University of Baltimore. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="http://library.ubalt.edu/special-collections/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections and Archives, University of Baltimore.</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 - 2002 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of the images in this digital collection/exhibit is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Relation A related resource <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/99" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Robert Breck Chapman Photographs</a> (R0102-RBC), Special Collections and Archives, University of Baltimore. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpegs/still images Language A language of the resource English. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still images. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0102-RBC Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Baltimore, Maryland Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Digital collection added to Omeka site in 2020. Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Maryland--Baltimore. Photographers. photographs Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AFRAM Expo '76 Festival Program Subject The topic of the resource AFRAM Festival Program Description An account of the resource AFRAM Expo 76 Festival program cover. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/99" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Robert Breck Chapman Photographs</a><span> </span>(R0102-RBC), Special Collections &amp; Archives, University of Baltimore. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert Breck Chapman Photographs (R0102-RBC), Special Collections & Archives, University of Baltimore. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/2.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic License</a>. <p>Use of this image is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image.</p> Relation A related resource <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/99" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Robert Breck Chapman Photographs</a><span> </span>(R0102-RBC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context rbc_cap_exhibit89 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AFRAM AFRAM Festival Programs https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/bad4a6d13ecd118c8ad1be53b040bfd5.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=qybCVZ59iub6fdPMv8y%7EjcNhO8Ck88DrwfH75H9XJOtJmiyDMMQwrYL0mo-OEUIuss1xa3gbtS3fYXmEKtjicJAHSi52B6oh-9JN4jHI34tggEojAHn3rlXJSWitUFUdkQa9zgE2zeCNhgJatvQak8kBG2SQOALEhceB9xXy-bUHshVxx7SGIjGK0pJqri3vsiAUAJwAAnZB3FqZA%7EJsvl8coG46xCEEvo0TRlO30FGJpjZ7ZhVThZOiYDFWmcYrczn4dN0A2zvLl7qRNXFsBrj0MSRLBYI9mfPg1iMzWYMtT42-IzIG293AiNifD1J3bkkdk38e0RhkqW5KjTHJYA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0f3c03e7932a36db3b123f6c6edd156e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed John Ferguson Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>JF: Oh yeah. Yeah, I was a hot number in the 1980s.</p> <p>AF: Yeah, tell me. Tell me about your art career.</p> <p>JF: Well, first of all, I got involved with Henri [Henrietta Springer Ehrsam], who at that time, in the 1970s and 1980s, she was<span> </span><i>the</i><span> </span>gallery in Washington. I mean, there was Henri and then there was everybody else. She had a gallery that was on P Street, a couple blocks off Dupont Circle. Her building was a corner building. The building had a turret on the corner, so it was like rounded off, okay? And then there was this open sidewalk. She started putting my sculpture on that open sidewalk, and she was selling them like one a month. It got to the point that I had drilled so many holes in the sidewalk that the sidewalk didn’t hold up. The concrete had just turned back to sand.<span id="more-100"></span></p> <p>But she sold a tremendous amount of work. Plus the fact she got me a one man show at the Phillips Collection.</p> <p>And then here in Baltimore, I got involved with Barbara Kornblatt. And Barbara Kornblatt was a totally different person from Henri. Everybody called Henri, Henri, but she was a woman. Most people would tell you she was cantankerous, but I got along very well with her. Most of all I think because when I went over there I invariably took my kids with me, and she fell in love with the kids.</p> <p>But Barbara Kornblatt had a gallery here in Baltimore and she did very well by me. I had two hot galleries thirty-five miles apart. I mean, I was really a hot number. And then Barbara Kornblatt moved to Washington, what used to be the retail district of Washington. It was between Chinatown and the Capitol and the Mall and the Smithsonian. Is that called Constitution Mall, maybe? Chinatown was up here and then there was a retail district—Hecht’s and name another department store here in Baltimore. But it was a retail district. And this building was a building that had basically been abandoned by the retail people and a bunch of galleries took the building over. Again, from the 1980s into the 1990s, this building, it was on 7^th<span> </span>Street.</p> <p>AF: Northwest?</p> <p>JF: Yes. It was the hot gallery scene in Washington. One of the neatest things that ever happened to me—I was taking work into the building for a show—the other thing about it is Kornblatt had a gallery right on the first floor. It would be like the elevators here and this space would be her gallery and it was all glass. While you were waiting for the elevator, you could see what was going on, which was a real sales advantage. But I was loading this work into the gallery and this guy came down the street. I didn’t know who he was. He came down the street and he said, “Wow, that’s a nice piece of sculpture.” He said, “Don’t bother taking it into the gallery.” He said, “Just leave it there. I’ll get it.” And it was Hirshhorn. It was David Hirshhorn himself. I didn’t know who he was.</p> <p>AF: [Laughing] That’s incredible.</p> <p>JF: But he went inside and Kornblatt knew who he was. And Kornblatt was stunned. She came outside and Kornblatt always had something to say. She was mumbling. She said, “You know, that was David Hirshhorn and he said don’t bother bringing the piece inside. He said. ‘I’m going to get a truck to get it and I’m going to buy it.'” There was no question of price or who I was or anything.</p> <p>AF: He just wanted the piece.</p> <p>JF: He just wanted the piece. No bullshit, you know, just bam!</p> <p>AF: And so now that’s part of the permanent collection at the Hirshhorn.</p> <p>JF: Yeah.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 4 minutes and 44 seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Gallery Representation: John Ferguson Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from an oral history interview with John Ferguson. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on July 11, 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-07-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Art galleries Art market Art museums Hirshhorn Museum John Ferguson Phillips Collection Washington DC https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/912bf7478c5241eb8d2ba53702d92b7e.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=ABx9Y%7EG1uebvchWqQ-XFOHXo1ChfDOVraGFeLYzSiyQT4%7E7UReMdI6WfsoUVLsDzFinTcxf2kDGhxW7eb1GY9YcnoFwaBvmtC%7EtqKmb0ii-UvyJJVyODUYXQ4QPnSUJyK1FnlOOmXqTJbzhR3y6fA-jjVhQNSHkknNjYdBkIERWUGRDkGDAp%7EieU75ko15ImkLk3maE5z3MyCQNPmxqwgFpXlOStGCrZKIuoQyny0fOGAhcEe138ID4Fd%7E%7ELkskoybQ3ETPLMdaFM0z7Z4jAERnrEjR65dMHKRBMrJ4ekwjmyh-pYvgOtu9JPELW-pxHnv-iDa9pqwbBO3VnDWKO4A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3e40b5c36697865f9e636304be250cd9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed John Ferguson Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>JF: I came to Baltimore in 1969 to go to Rinehart [School of Sculpture at the Maryland Institute College of Art].</p> <p>AF: As far as places within this metropolitan area that you’ve lived, where have you lived?</p> <p>JF: Up until I got married, eight, nine, ten years ago now, I’ve always lived in the City. I started out in Parkville. Then I was separated from my wife and I went to Fells Point, back in the glory days of Fells Point. The City had bought up large portions of Fells Point because they wanted to tie [Interstate] 83 to [Interstate] 95. The remaining citizens of Fells Point got it blocked, because they got Fells Point declared an historic district.</p> <p>AF: Were you part of that process?</p> <p>JF: I knew the people involved with it. One of my lifetime friends here in Baltimore is a guy by the name of Jim Dilts, who used to be a writer for<span> </span><i>The Sun</i><span> </span>paper. He was actively involved when the committee, the Fells Point Association—I’m not sure of the title, but it was a neighborhood association—actively involved, and they blocked it. Then the City had all of this property that they didn’t know what to do with. I’m not sure how this actually came about, but the solution was you could rent to buy. Fells Point became an artist’s haven, until it was discovered by people with more money. Over the years, for the most part—other than the artists who actually owned—the artists who actually owned valuable pieces of property were able to hang on—but for the most part, Fells Point is not the Fells Point of the 1970s and 1980s. It was really a fun place to be, you know? It was Baltimore’s SoHo.</p> <p>AF: In your time there, were you a renter?</p> <p>JF: Yeah.</p> <p>AF: How many years, approximately?</p> <p>JF: Oh, from five to ten years. In the late 1970s, I was working as a carpenter for a man who had a renovation/construction company. And out of the clear blue sky they called me from the Institute and they wanted me to come for an interview. The man who interviewed me was a man by the name of Jack [Custee], who was a sweetheart of a guy. And I knew him from my Rinehart years because, one, I drove the delivery truck during my Rinehart years. He wasn’t my immediate boss, but I was a part of his department. And he offered me this job as a head of the maintenance department. And it was really farfetched. I mean, I could make metal sculpture, and I could do carpentry work, and I could plunge a toilet, and I could change a light bulb, and things like that. But the responsibility of the whole thing was really something. But I succeeded. I succeeded, and if you ask people that had anything to do with me from maybe 1978, 1979, through maybe 1994, 1995, maybe 1996, they’ll tell you that I did a good job. And I’m really quite proud of that, you know.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Four minutes and four seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Fells Point and Work: John Ferguson Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from an oral history interview with John Ferguson. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on July 11, 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-07-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Fells Point gentrification John Ferguson maintenance Maryland Institute College of Art Master of Fine Arts Rinehart School of Sculpture road fights SOHO effect https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/fca8dfc26f0b5d6f6d668cfb6115a6ed.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=Pf2D8nrUJ3mvmLLBx0H6s9KKCjtGebaW0uu7ncBHEX033RmQbB8TyRizhPgiLrFTuUAc17N4t-7HjaIMgY%7Ew4WJyswmT7SQ1q2m-WH99iBtPU-wGZ3c66IQiAOLSNHWcoMmoEo7zx7UXgLyprJOs878o%7EZEyAWpN1jLvaak2FagzqNXS8oEMpuBREHYFxmKlmDvZ-qlhw7IWD%7EccwoCn3v1srVhSLKK1efMAZ8Twc5%7ET4AUZFRywfCOf9wG-f7nVBP3U7iYBqfcl7zs7xw-sQtGF80oZaNHEHy1GLHceU4N6wiVD0dM0nNOyxY1eA6TL4BNtjlWF7eFPN3RRpVoW6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d050777c92f0b0ae7adda16f1729a8eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dan Herman Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>DH: So I’m probably irresponsible in that respect [not attending community association meetings]. The only thing I can think is that I make my effort in being on the street and talking with people and just trying to be part of a place. I kind of assuage whatever misgivings I have about not being really active like that. I’m still a member of the community. And that’s what I do. I pick up trash when I see it out here. I talk to people. I’m on the street. I’m out on the street walking and talking and I guess that’s the best—you know, maybe that’s it. Maybe that’s what my effort is.</p> <p>AF:  How much change have you seen as a result of some of this gentrification in the surrounding neighborhood?</p> <p>DH:  Well, you know that mural project that just happened, for example? [Open Walls Baltimore]. That altered things around here, because what it did was it highlighted the neighborhood. And I know that there were certain misgivings about that on the part of those that actually organized that. They were a little reluctant, because they knew that what they were doing was opening the door for real estate investors and that sort of thing.</p> <p>I can’t speak for people in the community, but what it appeared to do…</p> <p>I went to the party when they opened that [mural project], when they had the big party down the block down here. And everybody in the neighborhood was out. All the art kids were out. People in the community were out. Everybody was partying and dancing and being part of it. And I think the focus—I mean, I can’t speak for people—but it appeared that the focus on the community boosted people’s esteem that they were part of something that was happening. So whether you liked the murals, for better or worse, whether you think they really do anything, the energy did something.</p> <p>And I think that translated to people in the community as well—other people in the community besides artists is what I mean to say—other people that live here. So, yeah. I saw people out. I mean I was dancing with people walking by their houses and talking with people that I’d never met before. And I think all those things contribute to a sort of integration of all the different elements that make up this neighborhood.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Two minutes and fifty seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Artists and Community: Dan Herman Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from an oral history interview with Dan Herman. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on June 3, 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-06-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound civic engagement community Dan Herman Open Walls Baltimore participation parties public art https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/0b9a9324b7ddcf12ff31c6a9568c9314.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=n%7EH4vvc53rCSEljggFypu0C0spj%7ESHMCKsZC09quYzFXRxsPjigXW8KDiom3D6oowsSxMGr6b3NW5nOncT2gxdiWS%7EbmR9dLwOMusCzesTxdgNFv3Vxe3Sle72sseQ2PT4-LvoBhmaQO7clUHrDm2CNaJOtWhjSfu7Qg45eo-eTyxdHBtlVqt-g7vMTuiAl0lviTgU0MX-j6dYBMb0wp6EBs4nkD0M1yQBQwsggpQ8qRgTmkWVWmYeacsTQ8c6I8cjG8yzqjKCAG2p9EEzZleGugvf8WWDnYKATXb0L6CBWcOFbW23xo8BxPeot1OUtfgj%7EBtrQrff8f2yFHy9AdBA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 960a9160a84812b9e1b77458fcd80f19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dan Herman Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>DH: Last night I was in here, and one of the trains whistled as it was leaving the station down here. That is so lovely. I mean, that’s right there, and  Penn Station’s out the window, and the activity!</p> <p>I stuck my head out here the other night. I was watching a movie on the computer. All of a sudden, I heard this commotion out on the streets, which isn’t unusual, because there’s noise out here sometimes. But it’s like these people shouting real loud and boisterously. So I went to the window, and coming up Guilford Avenue, filling Guilford Avenue on both sides, are bicycles. There was evidently this bicycle fete [Baltimore Bike Party] that happened at night, because it was 9:30, quarter-to-ten.</p> <p>The whole avenue was filled with bicycles going north. That flood of bikes continued for about twenty-five minutes. I stuck my head out the window and just watched.</p> <p><span id="more-85"></span>And some people had a drum on their bike and they all had lights and some people were singing and people were chatting and all this energy and this wave, just this flood of bicycles! Now that was unexpected.</p> <p>Have you ever seen<span> </span><i>Amarcord?<span> </span></i>The Fellini film,<span> </span><i>Amarcord</i>? That’s a great film. It’s called “I Remember,<i>”<span> </span></i>that’s what<span> </span><i>Amarcord</i><span> </span>means in Italian, as far as I know, “I Remember.” There’s a scene in there where everybody in the village rouses themselves, gets on these little boats, and heads out into the harbor. And the next thing you know, out of the fog comes this ocean liner and it’s moving by with all its lights. And all of these people, the villagers, are out in these boats and they’re bobbing like corks. And here is this—the whole landscape seems to be moving as this ocean liner—it’s the most stunning sight. And that’s why they’re out there. And that’s what the bicycles reminded me of the other day when they were rolling by here like that. This mass of lights like this, and sound.</p> <p>Anyway, that’s one of the benefits of living down here. All that sort of color that’s unexpected and offers variety. And you really don’t have to go anywhere. You’ve got all this variety. That’s the wonderful thing about urban life, all the cultural input and diversity. I really appreciate that quite a bit.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Two minutes and twenty-six seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the Baltimore Bike Party: Dan Herman Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from an oral history interview with Dan Herman. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on June 3, 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-06-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Amacord Baltimore Bike Party city life Dan Herman film parties https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/fbb8a95beec793913bbd2b61891c0869.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=JcTZce1c4rYR4-4ofYYufQI8jaUITEVZqnYIRHtJ4X8Jr2p%7EGvZn9NV%7EA-Sw72xxrlQDDb25D3qpHn9PAB6T3XLWJHnmpBkjiuRnXVieccMGJvw4nD598jglnZIa9SwwrfWXoTSXlkPA5FYO40LiMFzEShv7L8RkCEVunL%7EaF1DQF%7EoBkURW5StNSIECFY7yvXcjpMk9F%7EnzWqvn%7E8J4UMxSQA1TgH%7EBe6mgLNFTfG1oW0ncZejE1wV2i87HhgiWm40BxK4wpXRhI1zsCani7fN8UMnXro7bsndlYPvTsOheRgbLwHcFmyfVjik8r%7E2-osLKvbb2lBcm%7EQgiku9iHA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9abe538c39f0bb15a7b2786d01c3ec96 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Carol Higgs Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>CH: And we had parties. We have had wonderful, wonderful art parties in our building. I don’t know if you have heard about those from other people. We’ve done three monumental parties. And I call them “art parties” because they involve more than just a party.</p> <p>Like, one party was the high school party, and it came about because I never got to be prom queen. Of course, in high school, I was far from ever being the prom queen. But I always sort of wanted to be the prom queen. So I decided, why couldn’t we just have a high school party? Because there are other people probably who wanted to be the star quarterback of the football team or whatever, or the head of the yearbook or something. “Why don’t we have a high school party and then we can all live out our aspirations?” So everybody—well, Kate [Thomas] and Bob [Levine], in particular—were our cohorts, and sometimes Nancy and Lou [Linden]. And they said, “Yeah, yeah! It sounds like a good idea.”</p> <p>So then we got other people in. But then the party just kind of morphs into a really big, big party. Because we began to think about how real we wanted it to be. We got somebody to be a nun, for those of our friends who went to Catholic school. And we installed a nun in there. And then we rig up a PA system so that we can talk to people and make announcements. We began thinking about the things from high school that we remembered. The surly cafeteria lady that used to slop your peas! So we bought these big things of canned peas, and my sister-in-law was the surly cafeteria woman. And then we made people go through the cafeteria line, and we literally sloped stuff on their [plates]. And the part that was amazing was that our friends actually ate it!<span id="more-200"></span></p> <p>AF: [laughs]</p> <p>CH: And we were like, “You’re are eating it? That was meant to be a joke.” We actually had other food! We used three different loft spaces. Dave Herman’s space was used as a gym. We had people bring red and blue tee-shirts—because we had teams—and then we had it in the gym. And then we had graduation. And Dennis had created a huge puppet on stilts and everything, and that was the Great Professor. We had a graduation ceremony. We had artists friends of ours create lockers. They are fanciful and wonderful beyond belief.</p> <p>And then we had the prom, to which I got to be the prom queen. Then we decided it wasn’t enough that I got to be prom queen, but we needed to have a story, a scenario about the prom queen. So it was that Kate was the real prom queen, right? But I kidnapped Kate and I tied her up. And we had pictures of that. Like in my locker, I had a small picture of Kate all tied up in a chair. So she couldn’t be prom queen! But of course, somehow at the last minute, somehow she gets free and she takes the crown off my head. And I<span> </span><i>still</i><span> </span>don’t get to be prom queen!</p> <p>So, they were fun parties. We had music and dancing. And people had to bring formal attire for the prom. So people are changing. It’s just crazy. We also had classes. We taught classes. We had an anthropology class. Kate taught a sex class. Bob taught the gym class. Somebody else taught a history class. And every now and then, there would be announcement over the PA system. And one of our friends was a librarian, and she was in my anthropology class. And she had gone to Catholic school. And it came over the system that, “Will Mary<span> </span><i>please</i><span> </span>go to the Principal’s office?” This was the nun. “There seems to be missing library books.” And she was so into it, she goes, “No! I would<span> </span><i>never</i><span> </span>steal library books!” [Laughs]</p> <p>AF: [laughs]</p> <p>CH: So it was fun! Then we had a heaven and hell party. And we had hell in Kate’s loft. We had heaven here. And the gallery was purgatory. We had somebody going around all night with a milk cartoon collecting money for babies to get them out of purgatory. We had pictures of babies on the milk carton; we had baby angels. It was Halloween time, so at the heaven and hell party, you had to come in costume. You had to come as an angel of some kind. You could be a bad angel, a good angel, whatever. Some people came as the Baltimore Hon angel. I was a Baltimore Hon angel.</p> <p>There were some elaborate [costumes]. There were some prizes given for that. And in hell, everybody had to make things. It was like a factory. Kate made them move along. “That’s enough, that’s enough! Move on, move on, move on.” And then we had a white boy museum in hell. And we also had something rigged up something where they couldn’t see, but they…no…. I can’t remember if they could see, or just hear what was going on in heaven.</p> <p>In hell, there was only crackers and water. In heaven, was chocolate and wine. And we had made a big cloud, and people got to have their picture taken in heaven to prove they made it. You know, we had all the good stuff in heaven.</p> <p>Then we acted out the seven deadly sins in play form. We put all of our friends on chairs in the freight elevator and we acted out the plays on the different floors. So then we took our friends down in the elevator. They were reasonably terrified, but they got used to it. And we’d stop on a floor, and there’d be a two-minute skit for sloth. And then there’d be a two-minute skit for whatever the others would be. So we did that, too. So we always had an art component to our [parties]. And they were just incredibly elaborate. Like two hundred or more people would come. And it was totally fun.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Six minutes and eleven seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Art Parties: Carol Higgs Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from oral history interview with Carol Higgs. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on April 10, 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-04-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Carol Higgs heaven hell parties prom queen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/789d6e1c2142bcfd5885bc502cca0b1c.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=V2DZMogj5y4diVv7F5dBXB2vERAFMQ6uNr7zjcPOLMFHHu8N1Ef6jGQ0L0Gkl9RQ%7EOuZY9-jVvJBDTYHfZeuOQyAQXV27joWIz3uSFfvnMH9-1Sxw5va0Yer3nXOCIcRhLmFQm0h%7EwTXBqDJXUjKFVu6J8ZWj348F1HS8OhdcRpbO8Xnn0lpnck3aJKS3qjnytPwDzzVYORBogcVtFdVH42XYAKVUggZfa%7EOjDS9g3Ye-q%7EJhEdYZZ0AEcsmOIVpurtnpZN2TUZ-pyjJ9y8wcWPgbN%7EZxhLJ2qDCkwMMuKj1pxKez6aYRCZnjLYHgDiJqey6GFuQ2DgOcHLjlJUDbw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7a4b0b03457a33a0f1d4e5d4168dba07 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Carol Higgs Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>AF: How much do you think that you bought lessons from South Baltimore here, as far as neighborhood and community?</p> <p>CH: Yeah. For myself, not very much, really.  Because I moved to Baltimore from Annapolis. So I was very involved in the Annapolis community and politics and activism. I was part of a tenants’ rights group in Annapolis. But when I moved to Baltimore, to move in with Dennis, I probably was only in that rowhouse in South Baltimore for just a couple of years before we moved here.</p> <p>But for Dennis, he bought a lot of what he learned. And in fact, when we moved in this neighborhood, Dale Hargrave, who I said, is the current president of New Greenmount West [Community Association], was already living here. And Dennis knew Dale, because Dale did recycling in South Baltimore and was part of the Recycling Coalition that Dennis and others were part of. So he had contacts everywhere. And he brought in our experience—which was his experience, much more than mine—of watching something that was vibrant and mixed and a wonderful soup of people become bland and vanilla. And healthy, I guess, but just… I don’t know.</p> <p>Life left the streets for us. That’s how he saw it. I’m sure that people living there now don’t feel that way. It’s not to disparage them. But there was something that was there that he truly loved that left. And so he found it here. And he didn’t want to see it leave again. So he tried to figure out what happened in South Baltimore.</p> <p>Part of it was that a bunch of developers came in and bought up houses. And the community association, I guess, was not prepared for this somehow. So he wanted this community association to be prepared. “Hey, this is going to take off. This is going to take off. Developers are going to show up here.” And they are! He was absolutely right. They’re going to show up here, and we need make sure that they come to the community association. That<span> </span><em>we know</em><span> </span>what’s going on in our neighborhood. We had lots of abandon houses here that the City owned. We didn’t want the City just taking them all and selling them to whoever. You know? We wanted to know who they are going to. What are their plans?</p> <p>So Dennis took that from his experience from COPO [Coalition of Peninsula Organizations]—You know, the coalitions that he had there around community organizations. He was involved with… I can’t remember. Oh, what was it? There was an African American neighborhood that was slated…</p> <p>AF: Oh. Sharp-Leadenhall.</p> <p>CH: Sharp-Leadenhall. Dennis was vice president of COPO and therefore was very involved with Sharp-Leadenhall and making sure that community<span> </span><i>remained</i>. Because developers were breathing down their necks trying to get that community. And this was affordable public housing. And they just wanted the land, you know? They were seeing dollar [signs].</p> <p>And that community won. But they were really organized. And had this woman named Mildred Moon, I believe her name was, who was just an amazing organizer. She was great. And then she had all this other help from other—you know, COPO was a coalition of community organizations—so she had help from other organizations, but she was leading it, and she knew just what do.</p> <p>So he bought a lot, I think, to this neighborhood. I think that the thing that we both bought is social activism, being able to look around and feel like we want to be a part of our community and we want to find out what the community feels it’s lacking and what it might want, and see if we can figure out a way to leverage.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Four minutes and twenty-seven seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Lessons from South Baltimore: Carol Higgs Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from oral history interview with Carol Higgs. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on April 10, 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-04-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Carol Higgs community associations COPO Dale Hargrave Dennis Livingston Federal Hill gentrification Greenmount West Mildred Moon Sharp Leadenhall South Baltimore https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/5875143143a970df9cf0f7a7c3a4908d.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=ldaG7LQKqd5Y0iXrg4WScZBlUArS6EjT8xqavTb5o9f0WwZREagnb4WYJETB5dnU6tbi47BtH5SPqLw7ZRus88d7ab3r22Q7XyTsDfSZMOuQ98tp5uMsOCHNh1OyN8rbzQ0Un47VPfKOvaF1s-RNOTuNzuHOoWTwhV6eQVLpmlMNcFG7NCGSoL3Iv%7EACgY7P%7E4X3g7MmpXIKbV5cCEnIISCtxLa5b5hQjgwQaqLas7B29EFogN2MuQoste7%7EHaXKN73JZpfYnPphTMKFpUFJAi9KdFrTtlrR2OFORRqA8OxKsHq3M54QYEY5w9mZOm4oy3McTEJBeNS21f9z8wH1GQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 706409fd6206fd280810f89712e8c130 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Carol Higgs Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>CH: Dennis and I are political activists, too. We have both have been activists all our lives. So we wanted to get very involved in our neighborhood. And the first thing we did was we went over… There was school across the way from us—now a Montessori public school—but it had been called Mildred Monroe [School #32, Mildred D. Monroe Elementary School]. It was a public school. It was named after a janitor. One of the few, if not only, schools in Maryland, and maybe the country, I don’t know, named after a janitor.</p> <p>We found out that they didn’t have an art teacher at the school. And we were horrified. We couldn’t imagine, either one of us, having gotten through school without art. So we decided to volunteer our time and to become the art teacher for Mildred Monroe on Fridays. We could only… You know, we had to do some real work, to make ends meet. So we picked Friday, and we became the art teachers for the kids at Mildred Monroe. And that was a wonderful entry into the community, because we’d meet all the kids, and then you’d meet their families and stuff.<span id="more-164"></span></p> <p>Bob [Levine] and Kate [Thomas] helped us. I was in a program at the time to get a Master’s degree in non-profit organization, because my graphic design business only dealt with non-profits. My slogan was “do no harm,” so I didn’t do Chanel No. 5 ads and stuff; it was all work for non-profits. But I thought that I should understand them better. I sat on lots of boards. So I was in that program, and I created a non-profit for us as one of my projects, called “The Cork Factory Inc.”</p> <p>We got other artists to help us, too. But then, unfortunately, the wisdom of school board in Baltimore closed that school. It was doing really well. It had small classes. And that was the problem—they thought that it was under-utilized. So then we launched a fight to save our school, using our art talent for posters and stickers and whatever other way we could whip up support. And it didn’t work. And then our kids went to Dallas Nicholas [School #39, Dallas F. Nicholas Sr. Elementary School] up the way.</p> <p>And we decided at that point, Kate [Thomas] and Bob [Levine] and myself and Dennis—There was an opportunity to buy the gallery space next door to the space that I’m living in, 4 North. And we decided that we should do that. So we bought it together. And what we did is we taught the children fine arts as best as we could.</p> <p>So we continued teaching our kids. We went into Dallas Nicholas and we taught them fine art. They did printmaking. And they did painting. Things like that. Photography. And then we gave them a show in the gallery. And we hung their work. And we tried to do it during open studios, so that we would definitely have an audience to come. And often it hung with our own work, or other people’s work in the building. And they acted as little docents for their work. And it was a really good thing for them. It helped build confidence in them. Their work sold. So sometimes, they would make forty, fifty dollars in a week, which was fantastic. I mean, this is a low-income neighborhood. We had parents come in that had never seen live art. They had never been to a museum. They had only seen art in books. So they had never seen paintings or anything. And now they’re seeing their own child’s work as well as professional artists’ [work]. So it was really fun. It was a great, fun project.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Three minutes and fifty seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Teaching Art Locally: Carol Higgs Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from oral history interview with Carol Higgs. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on April 10, 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-04-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound activism Art education Carol Higgs galleries Greenmount West Mildred Monroe politics teaching https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/59fbb437047964e5fa48369d90c06a1d.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=rz8mT-z1DKQQ9PpYJFKE3Hgg6Q2jE9vxt7-acO1TwntqyNIKCkIV3N751lITug6OuqT%7EyVjJdZidYFuoXP9mpzPnDVVV3RBqM--a9lO6Pq9MfLsNK7NGmfQDpPMo2J55Od3UM0VJYM5xGvMNaUkmYPNjWMo9%7EL3cc5dOMsGeMYyAWtEzcanCkmRxDD8W91dlCipNuwD-2HsFZnx3sR5hXaYVvCsr-je-yDkNNPA0UgC%7EjhoTBMEfMFojVuZ6vk-3b8uWXaz5HTUPgayzW39%7E6m-PMRdDoySBwLBwmm8PY3FQOOBp0occmNBvcUk6jUNnYgv20BDhkC-21Gug-cL2PQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9d89e01d7e30d08ae2eb98e93383745e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bob Levine Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>AF: From the perspective where you sit today, how do you really feel about your role in this community, and also looking ahead, as far as the evolution of this area?</p> <p>BL: Well, I think the effect is when I was first living here, when Kate [Thomas] and I were first living here, until people started moving into the Copy Cat building, the neighborhood was actually pretty dangerous. We would get our cars broken into all the time, and stolen a number of times. We’d be calling about gunfights that you could actually see out the windows. Then, as the artists moved in, and they were up all hours of the night, that started to change.</p> <p>Gradually, over time, things have really changed. People are now more willing to come here to go to these studios, more willing to go to the Charles Theatre, they’re even willing to go to some of the theaters that are on North Avenue. And that was kind of unheard of.</p> <p>The gentrification issue, the SoHo effect, has been talked a lot about by everybody here. And it’s something that we are trying to prevent. We have that a certain amount of the housing is designated for Section 8 housing. So that, in a way, prevents some of it from happening.</p> <p>[Phone rings – interview pauses]</p> <p>But the community association and the Station North Arts Association want to prevent that, because we don’t want to be in the situation where the artists can’t afford to be here. So we’re happy that the property values are going up, but we don’t want them to start skyrocketing and having it so that we can’t live here, that it’s only going to be women’s clothing stores and theaters. We want to keep it.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Two minutes and twenty-three seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Neighborhood Change: Bob Levine Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from an oral history interview with Robert Levine. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on October 6, 2012. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-10-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Bob Levine crime gentrification neighborhood change SOHO effect https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44124/archive/files/e94d595ce19b561ad05a3c4fb955568c.mp3?Expires=1773878400&Signature=QtyI2yk6ttS%7EI0DK9iBsbGWG49JIPDbLVSYM7vh8r8N-AYgqjqfIOp7nHSqM1g7-CEyazDjFDiNDoeW39rn%7Eb1yI9Vn-iiYBypxM4496XgFyWxuluHNpXKtm9-cnrSkG%7Ez3fRjRZEp46ZN1UR7dep8QRxZ7LM%7E1J7gcl79%7Eh7mNC0IwQif6vIrJhNkKknzZ4ZRIW9XCE-sOwjg2vI2D%7EG6NfSSwOCX2Bv-xPuiIS4QX6FIy6kramETZ6bQwSVhvFXnzQ9CUf5FBndcM-M9YzTUK9y%7ES2Ko1StDoNeP6whkzk1JzNGUF6MiNobLlmdWzdA6QcY16-OwkcWhPN94Ae1A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9d89e01d7e30d08ae2eb98e93383745e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Station North Oral History Collection Subject The topic of the resource artists community activists planned unit developments Greenmount West Station North Arts and Entertainment District oral history public history Description An account of the resource This collection examines collective ownership of artists' live-work spaces in Baltimore, Maryland’s Station North Arts and Entertainment District. <br /><br />Interviews were conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 with artists and residents of the Cork Factory warehouse at 1601 Guilford Avenue in Station North. Topics include the history of the Cork Factory building, development of the state’s first arts and entertainment district, the process of redevelopment and neighborhood change, as well as personal histories from artists and activists involved with the project. <br /><br />The complete collection--which consists of 10 audio interviews, corresponding transcripts, and photographs of interviewees--is available through the <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">online collection guide</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust conducted the interviews and took the associated portraits between October 2012 and July 2013. Aiden curated the exhibit in August 2014 and added it to this site in October 2019. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://archivesspace.ubalt.edu/repositories/2/resources/112">Station North Oral History Collection, UB Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://langsdale.ubalt.edu/special-collections/">University of Baltimore Special Collections &amp; Archives</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Use of these images is governed by U.S. copyright law. The University of Baltimore Special Collections and Archives makes digital surrogates of collections accessible if they are in the public domain, the rights are owned by the University of Baltimore, the Special Collections and Archives has permission to make them accessible, or there are no known restrictions on use. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information is not always discernible. The Special Collections and Archives is eager to hear from any rights owners wishing to provide accurate information. Upon request, material will be removed from view while a rights issue is addressed. Contact the Special Collections and Archives for more information regarding this image. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context R0113-SNOH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription of the interviews in this collection was made possible through the support of the University of Baltimore Foundation's Baltimore Renaissance Seed Scholarship Fund. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Sound Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Aiden Faust Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bob Levine Location The location of the interview Baltimore, Maryland Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>AF: As far as city government is concerned, and the process of rezoning this building for live/work space, how did that get started?</p> <p>BL: A lot of the spaces across the street in the Copy Cat Building, which was also part of Crown Cork and Seal, got occupied by fairly activist artists. One of them was David Crandall at the time. There was an entity that the state was creating called an arts and entertainment district. They created it with the idea that it was going to go to Highlandtown, where the Creative Alliance is. They tailored it right to them. And David Crandall initiated this procedure of, “Why should it go to them? It’s got to be competitive, so why don’t we compete for it?”</p> <p><span id="more-116"></span>So Dennis Livingston and I and Al Zaruba and a whole bunch of other people—Jim Vose, some other people that are no longer in the area, Michael Johnson, who had a theater in sort of a funky building on North Avenue, and some people who weren’t active in it, but signed petitions, like Buzz Cusack, who owns the Charles Theatre—decided to make an effort to get that designation for ourselves. When it came up to the presentation, we made the presentation effective, a very dramatic presentation that we were actually the place that artists were living, so we should where the arts and entertainment district was. And so we actually got the first designated arts and entertainment district.</p> <p>Once we became the arts and entertainment district, then it became clear to the City that the zoning department would have to make some way for the artists to actually live here legally, because when you broke it down, everybody who was living here was a squatter. So we worked with the zoning department. They were very cooperative and we had some help from the Mayor’s office in the form of Kirby Fowler. I’m not sure what he’s head of right now. I think it’s the Downtown Business Development District. I’m not positive what it is. [Note: Kirby Fowler is President of the Downtown Partnership of Baltimore, Inc. and the Executive Director of the Downtown Management Authority.] But he’s a mover and shaker in this type of activity.</p> <p>We met with the zoning department. It was kind of clear that all these buildings were zoned M-1, which is just for manufacturing. So nobody was actually legally allowed to live here. In Maryland, there is no live/work designation. Even office residential is not—you can’t live and work in the same place. So the way you get around it is you create what are called PUDs—Planned Unit Developments. And what a PUD is, it’s a City Council bill, where the City Council assesses an exemption from the normal zoning, and approves it or disapproves it. If they approve it, the PUD exists.</p> <p>So a PUD, the Planned Unit Development, has to be made up of buildings that are contiguous to each other. So we had to enlist all of the buildings in the whole district in order to create this PUD. And essentially it allows us to do whatever we want to do, within reason. It’s specified, as long as we meet the housing, fire, and building codes. So we had to get approved by all of those. So once we did that, we got the inspectors in, and Kirby Fowler was very helpful in coordinating all of that. We were the first building that was approved, that got its occupancy permit.</p> Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Two minutes and twenty-three seconds Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Creating the District and Legalizing Occupancy: Bob Levine Interview Excerpt Subject The topic of the resource Station North Arts District artists community activists Greenmount West Description An account of the resource Excerpt from an oral history interview with Robert Levine. The interview was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland on October 6, 2012. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aiden Faust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Station North Oral History Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Baltimore Special Collections & Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-10-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound arts district Bob Levine occupancy PUD Zoning